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Month: November 2017

Why Women Engage in Anal Intercourse: Results from a Qualitative Study

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Abstract

This study used qualitative methods to assess why women engage in heterosexual anal (receptive) intercourse (AI) with a male partner.Four focus groups which comprised women from diverse ethnicities were conducted. All groups were digi- tally recorded for transcription; transcripts were analyzed using the methods of grounded theory to determine themes. Women’s reasons for engaging in anal intercourse with a male partner can be described in broad categories including that the women wanted to have anal intercourse, either because of their own desire, to please a male partner, or they were responding to a quid pro quo situation. The riskiness of AI was assessed within relationship contexts. Past experience with AI including emotional and physical reactions was identified. Among the negative physical experiences of AI were pain and disliking the sensation, and uncomfortable side effects, such as bleeding of the rectum. Negative ...

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Ammonia Refrigeration

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Overview

Ammonia is considered a high health hazard because it is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and lungs. Exposure to 300 parts per million (ppm) is immediately dangerous to life and health. Ammonia is also flammable at concentrations of approximately 15% to 28% by volume in air. When mixed with lubricating oils, its flammable concentration range is increased. It can explode if released in an enclosed space with a source of ignition present, or if a vessel containing anhydrous ammonia is exposed to fire. ortunately, ammonia has a low odor threshold (20 ppm), so most people will seek relief at much lower concentrations..

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“Discredited” Versus “Discreditable”: Understanding How Shared and Unique Stigma Mechanisms Affect Psychological and Physical Health Disparities

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Abstract

In his classic treatise, Goffman (1963) delineates between people who are discredited—whose stigma is clearly known or visible—and people who are discreditable—whose stigma is unknown and can be concealable. To what extent has research in the past 50 years advanced Goffman’s original ideas regarding the impact of concealability on stigma management strategies and outcomes? In the current article, we outline a framework that articulates how stigma can “get under the skin” in order to lead to psychological and physical health disparities. Further, we consider when and to what degree concealability moderates these effects, creating divergent outcomes for the discredited and discreditable.

Does the stigmatized individual assume his differentness is known about already or is evident on the spot, or does he assume it is neither known about by those present nor immediately perceivable by them? In the first case one...

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Shelter Health: Essentials of Care for People Living in Shelters

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The Causes and Conditions of Homelessness

Serious personal health problems and flaws in health care systems are maKor contributors to contemporary homelessness. Some health problems – addictions, schiQophrenia, maKor depression, physical disabilities – are distressingly obvious, particularly in persons living in public spaces, while others are less visible but equally insidious, undermining the capacity to maintain stable housing and function independently. an far too many cases, a fragmented health care system has not responded adequately to the multiple needs of homeless persons, who are indigent and typically uninsured. With recent natural disasters in the U.S., particularly Hurricanes >atrina and Rita, the realities of homelessness on our national landscape are changing, with large numbers of poor people displaced by storms trying to make a new start in new communities, many of which are already having enough trouble providing basic services for their...

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The Relationship Between Dysfunctional Family And The Involvement Of Children In Prostitution

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Abstract

The involvement of children in prostitution is a well known phenomenon but not well understood. The aim ofthis study was to examine the involvement of children in prostitution. A total of 63 sexually exploited young women participated in this children >centered approach study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods wereused. Respondents’ age ranged from 13 to 18 years old. Nearly 89.0 percent of them were 16-18 years old.This study found that the youngest respondent first involvement in prostitution was nine years old. A majority 0 (! of them entered prostitution at the age of between 13 to17 years old and more than half were 15-16 years ofage. The average age of the respondents’ first involvement in prostitution was 15.1 years. Three main reasonsfor their involvement were boyfriends’ deceit, friends’ influence, and personal. The study provides a significant implication to social workers on how they...

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The Relationship Between Dysfunctional Interpersonal Tendencies, Derailment Potential Behavior, and Turnover

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Abstract

Managerial derailment, which includes failure in the form organizational exit, poses costly consequences for organizations. We investigated the relationship between dysfunctional interpersonal tendencies, derailment potential behaviors, and actual managerial derailment in the form of voluntary and involuntary turnover. Data were from an archival database of high-level managers working for a global retail organization, including self-report interpersonal tendencies, 360-degree feedback data, and personnel history (N = 1,796). Managers who exhibit the dysfunctional interpersonal tendencies associated with “moving against people” were more likely to enact derailment potential behaviors. As a result, these managers were more likely to be fired or quit. This study advances our understanding of the managerial derailment process by providing evidence of the positive relationship between derailment potential behaviors and both voluntary and involuntary turnover as well as the potential for “moving against” people to result in derailment. Our results may...

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Danger Ahead: The Changing Face Of Failure To Warn Claims

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Defense attorneys involved in product liability litigation are familiar with claims alleging failure to warn against a manufacturer or seller. The typical failure to warn claim is fairly straightforward: the plaintiff asserts that the defendant placed inadequate warnings of potential hazards on or with the product and the lack of proper warnings was a proximate cause of harm to the plaintiff. Not all failure to warn claims are so basic, however. Many such claims have wrinkles that do not allow the standard analysis to be used, whether it involves a unique argument for insufficiency or the targeting of an uncommon defendant. Plaintiffs try to assert these non-traditional claims in the hope of finding additional sources of recovery, even if the outlook for success may appear bleak...

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Abnormal Psychology What Is Abnormal Behavior

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Difficulty in defining Abnormality

In this era of rapid technological advancement, you might think there would be some objective test like a blood test or a like a brain scan that could determine whether an individual is normal or abnormal? There is no such test available; however psychologists rely on signs, symptoms, and subjective criteria for deciding when the observed symptoms (signs) constitute abnormality. Four criteria for defining abnormality have been proposed. They are often called the four D's, Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction and Danger.

Deviant behavior means different extreme unusual and bizarre Distress refers to unpleasant or upsetting behavior of an individual Dysfunctional or disruptive in a way that possibly can became dangerous as well Danger of hurting one self and others

1. Deviance

a.  Deviance from the Cultural Norms b. Deviance from the Statistical Norms

a. Deviance from Cultural Norms

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Civil Practice – Involuntary Commitment – Danger to Self or Others – Insufficient Findings – Conspiracy Theories

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In re Richardson The trial court found that respondent (1) was hospitalized twice in the preceding year; (2) was diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and delusional disorder; (3) was taking the anti-psychotic drug Respirdal; (4) believes that the government is trying to control him, keeps to himself, and eats only pre-packaged foods; and (5) feels his parents are on the side of the government, despite their support. These findings do not indicate that respondent is a danger to himself or others

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Don’t Lie But Don’t Tell The Whole Truth: The Therapeutic Privilege – Is It Ever Justified?

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Summary

This position paper will show that withholding information from a competent patient is a violation of the doctor's role as a fiduciary and is not ever justified. As a fiduciary, the doctor's relationship with his or her patient must be one of candour since it will be impossible for the patient to trust the doctor without regular candid information regarding the patient's condition and its outcome. Although the use of the therapeutic privilege has been recognized by several courts and is supported by scientific literature, I will explore why withholding information from a competent patient is a violation of the doctor's role as a fiduciary and as such is not legally or ethically defensible.

While some courts have recognized the therapeutic privilege as a way of promoting patient wellbeing and respecting the Hippocratic dictum of “primum non nocere” {or first do no harm},

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Doctor’s Views On Disclosing Or Withholding Information On Low Risks Of Complication

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Abstract

Background

More and more quantitative information is becoming available about the risks of complications arising from medical treatment. In everyday practice, this raises the question whether each and every risk, however low, should be disclosed to patients. What could be good reasons for doing or not doing so? This will increasingly become a dilemma for practitioners.

Objective

To report doctors' views on whether to disclose or withhold information on low risks of complications.

Methods

In a qualitative study design, 37 respondents (gastroenterologists and gynaecologists or obstetricians) were included. Focus group interviews were held with 22 respondents and individual in‐depth interviews with 15.

Results

Doctors have doubts about disclosing or withholding information on complication risk, especially in a risk range of 1 in 200 to 1 in 10 000. Their considerations on whether to disclose or to withhold information depend on a...‐.

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Homeless Youth: Defining The Problem And The Population

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Current studies suggest that the primary cause of youth homelessness is family dysfunction in the form of parental neglect, physical or sexual abuse, family substance abuse and family violence.

The term “runaway and homeless youth” encompasses individuals with varied life trajectories and reasons for finding their way to RHY programs and shelters.

Homeless youth are typically defined as unaccompanied youth ages 12 and older (up to age 17, 21, or 24) who are without family support and who are living in shelters, on the streets, in cars or vacant buildings, or who are “coach surfing” or living in other unstable circumstances.

The National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children (NISMART), conducted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in the U.S. Department of Justice, is one of the best sources of data on this vulnerable population....

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Substance Abuse Disorders Among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

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Abstract

This paper presents lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates and comorbidity data for substance abuse disorders among homeless and runaway adolescents. Data are from baseline interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study of 428 (187 males and 241 females) homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (mean age = 17.4 year, SD = 1.05). The data were collected by full-time interviewers on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern cities of various populations. About two thirds (60.5%) of the runaways met lifetime criteria for at least one of three substance disorders (alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse), and nearly one half (48.1%) met 12-month criteria for at least one of the disorders. Nearly all of the adolescents (93%) who met criteria for a substance disorder met criteria for at least one other Introduction...

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