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Hanging As A Method Of Suicide Retrospective Analysis Of Postmortem Cases

February 9, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This retrospective study was conducted on 145 postmortem cases of hanging victims at government medical college morgue over a period of two years. The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of hanging cases as a proper method of suicide and to evaluate the present situation of hanging in this capital city. Out of 145 cases, 41% were male and 51% were married. One hundred and one victims hanged themselves at night, while 44 at day time. In 72 victims, stomachs were found empty. Most (97%) of the bodies were recovered from inside the living rooms. Ninety seven percent had complete suspension. One hundred and forty two (98%) cases had ligature mark in neck. Thirty nine cases had fracture of hyoid bones, 27 cases had fracture of thyroid cartilages. Most of the victims (45%) were from the age group 20- 30 years. Dopatta (orna) was the commonest (35%) ligature material. Quarrel among husband and wife was the commonest (31%) cause...

Haemorrhage Into The Lungs In Cases Of Death Due To Trauma

February 10, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

When changing circumnstances bring a lesion to the notice of a morbid anatomist as a manifestation of a new atiological factor it is well to review the past experience of the lesion and to detail, so far as possible, the variations that have been observed. Under war conditions fatalities have occurred in which the outtstanding postmortem finding has been haemorrhage into the tissue of the lung. Reviewing the peacetime incidence of haemorrhage into the lung in association with death from trauma, it must be recalled that such a lesion may occured in various conditions. Peacetime Injuries Blood may be inhaled after haemorrhage from lesions of the upper air passages or nasopharynx, or even from a fracture of the base of the skull. The blood in these cases will be found in the bronchi, bronchioles, and filling the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli in a lobuile, giving the appearance of haemorrhagic areas approximately wedge-shaped but with lobulated margins. These bloody foci are likely to be...

Tell Me Who Your Friends Are And I Will Tell You, Who You Are

February 12, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Background and keywords:

In his book providing key strategies for teaching boys, Biddulph (2003) stated that girls in today’s Western world possess more self-confidence than boys. Self-confidence is frequently linked to the position a child occupies within the group, who supports him and his inner circle. Friends and groups/cliques are especially important to children during puberty years. It is common knowledge that at that age, children start gradually detaching themselves from their parents and home life, as they become more independent. Often parents dictate to their children, which friends are desirable and which are not. As Helga Gürtler so eloquently puts it, parents want their children to have friends that greet in a friendly manner, wipe their feet before coming inside and know how to speak “in a civilized manner”. Often parents are not very good judges of which children make good friends and which others are merely, only figuratively-speaking good at “buttering them up“. Children themselves have completely different criteria, when it comes to meeting...

Father and Daughter Motives and Satisfaction

February 10, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

There are few studies in the communication discipline dealing with father/daughter relationships and methods for increasing satisfaction within these relationships. This study investigates the motives fathers and daughters have when communicating with each other and how these motives affect relationship satisfaction. Results indicated that daughters communicated mainly with their fathers for the following motives: affection, relaxation, pleasure, and inclusion. Fathers reported communicating with their daughters for pleasure, affection, and relaxation. Findings indicate a means of increasing satisfaction among father/daughter relationships by encouraging communication that incorporates statements of affection and pleasure. Prior research on daughters’ communication behaviors with their parents has shown that daughters have specific reasons for communicating with their parents. Fitzpatrick and Badzinski (1984) reported that parents communicate with their children for two reasons: to control their behaviors or actions and to express support. Yet, little is known about satisfaction concerning communication motives of children communicating with their parents and whether the motives are interrelated. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to gain...

Sexual Motives,Gender and Sexual Behavior

February 7, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The roles of gender and the sexual motives of Love, Pleasure, Conformity, Recognition, Dominance, and Submission in numerous usual and unusual sexual behaviors were investigated. In a survey of 191 college undergraduates it was found that Love, Pleasure, Conformity, and Recognition motives, often in interaction with gender, were all important predictors of sexual behavior. Gender was the best predictor of initiating usual sexual behavior, whereas the Love motive was the best predictor of actually engaging in usual sexual behavior. Pleasure and Recognition in interaction with gender were the best predictors of engaging in unusual sexual behavior. None of the sexual motives predicted initiating unusual sexual behavior. Findings suggest that a variety of sexual motives may underlie sexual behavior.

The Disease of Ritual: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder as an Outgrowth of Normal Behavior

February 11, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Introduction

In an influential paper, Fiske and Halsam (1997) begin with a description of a man in an unfamiliar country. We observe him to be dressed all in red in a red doorway, washing his hands six times in six different basins that have been arranged meticulously. His eyebrows are plucked bare, and as he washes, he repeats the same phrase, occasionally tapping his earlobe with his right index finger. Their question to the hypothetical observer is: Is this man a priest performing a sanctified ritual? Or is he afflicted with obsessive compulsive disorder? Is he normal, or mad? The question resides in a space between clinical psychiatry and anthropology and is much more far-reaching than the surface implication that normality is culturally constructed. The striking similarities between the form and content of normal ritual and the ritualistic behavior of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) invite a deeper analysis. This paper is concerned with the implications of a common ground between normal ritual...

The Coroner’s Autopsy The Final Say in Establishing Cause of Death?

February 12, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

The Present Coronial System

The process of determining cause of death through the coronial autopsy has been a cause of concern amongst both coroners and pathologists for a considerable period of time. The Wright report (1936), the Broderick report (1971) and the Luce report (2003) all highlighted the problems before Dame Janet Smith called for rigorous reform to protect the public. The Luce report stated: “There is, indeed, a general lack of evidence about the utility and justification for coroner’s autopsies on the scale on which they are practised in England and Wales. If the 121,000 autopsies a year that are now performed were surgical procedures carried out on living people there would long ago have been an evidence base compiled to assess the utility and justification for the scale of intervention.” In its response to the Luce report, the Coroners’ Society of England and Wales noted that:6 “it hopes fervently that this report will receive the attention and implementation that its predecessor reports.”

A Comparative Research of Two Lifting Methods: Electrostatic Lifter and Gelatin Lifter

February 10, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

Two-dimensional dust shoe prints are often of very high resolution and contain unique features. Lifting these prints in the most effective method may contribute much to preserving these fine details. A research was conducted by experts from Israel and Switzerland to compare gelatin lifters and electrostatic lifters for lifting shoe prints. Several substrates were chosen, and on each material a set of dry dust shoe prints was made. A set of wet prints was made on paper as well. The shoe prints were approximately of the same quality, and the only variable was the nature of the material. On substrates indifferent to the method used, the preferable sequence was tested. Gelatin lifter was superior on most substrates and for wet prints. The superior sequence for using both methods is electrostatic lifting followed by gelatin lifter.

Two dimensional dust shoe prints found at crime scenes are often of very high resolution and contain unique features. Thus, it is most desirable to lift these prints...

Electronic Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for First Responders, Second Edition

February 9, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Introduction

This guide is intended to assist State and local law enforcement and other first responders who may be responsible for preserving an electronic crime scene and for recognizing, collecting, and safeguarding digital evidence. It is not all inclusive but addresses situations encountered with electronic crime scenes and digital evidence. All crime scenes are unique and the judgment of the first responder, agency protocols, and prevailing technology should all be considered when implementing the information in this guide. First responders to electronic crime scenes should adjust their practices as circumstances including level of experience, conditions, and available equipment warrant. The circumstances of individual crime scenes and Federal, State, and local laws may dictate actions or a particular order of actions other than those described in this guide. First responders should be familiar with all the information in this guide and perform their duties and responsibilities as circumstances dictate.

When dealing with digital evidence, general forensic and procedural principles should be applied:

Crime Scene Investigation A Guide For Law Enforcement

February 9, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Introduction

This guide is intended for use by law enforcement and other responders who have responsibility for protecting crime scenes, preserving physical evidence, and collecting and submitting the evidence for scientific examination. Physical evidence has the potential to play a critical role in the overall investigation and resolution of a suspected criminal act. Realization of this potential depends on actions taken early in the criminal investigation at the crime scene. Developments in technology and improvements in the analysis and interpretation of physical evidence recovered from crime scenes will place even greater importance on properly documented and preserved evidence. An important factor influencing the ultimate legal significance of this scientific evidence is that investigators follow an objective, thorough, and thoughtful approach. The goal of this process is to recognize and preserve physical evidence that will yield reliable information to aid in the investigation. Investigators should approach the crime scene investigation as if it will be their only opportunity to preserve and recover these physical clues....

Methodical Approach to Processing the Crime Scene

February 9, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Additional Resource: Crime Scene Investigation: Guides for Law Enforcement

These guides are intended for use by law enforcement and other responders who have responsibility for protecting crime scenes, preserving physical evidence and collecting and submitting the evidence for scientific examination.

If crime scene investigators do not act methodically, they risk contaminating or losing evidence. Approach a crime scene investigation as if it will be your only opportunity to preserve and recover evidence. Combine a scientific assessment of physical evidence with case information and witness statements as you assess the scene.

Follow Agency Policies!
Actions taken following these guides should be performed in accordance with department policies and procedures and federal and state laws.

Jurisdictional, logistical or legal conditions may preclude the use of particular procedures contained herein.

The steps presented on these Web pages are a guide to recommended practices for crime scene investigation.

Electronic Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for First Responders

February 9, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

To assist State and local law enforcement agencies and prosecutorial offices with the growing volume of electronic crime, a series of reference guides regarding practices, procedures, and decision making processes for investigating electronic crime is being prepared by technical working groups of practitioners and subject matter experts who are knowledgeable about electronic crime. The practitioners and experts are from Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies; criminal justice agencies; offices of prosecutors and district attorneys general; and academic, commercial, and professional organizations. The series of guides will address the investigation process from the crime scene first responder, to the laboratory, to the courtroom. Specifically, the series of guides will address:
◆ Crime scene investigations by first responders.
◆ Examination of digital evidence.
◆ Investigative uses of technology.
◆ Investigating electronic technology crimes.
◆ Creating a digital evidence forensic unit.
◆ Courtroom presentation of digital evidence.
Due to the rapidly changing nature of electronic and computer technologies and of electronic crime, efforts will be periodically...

Asphyxial Deaths and Petechiae: A Review

February 9, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT:

Conjunctival and facial petechiae, although nonspecific findings, are considered hallmarks of asphyxial deaths. Consensus in the literature suggests that their pathogenesis is related to the combined effects of increased cephalic venous pressure and hypoxic damage to endothelial cells. Despite the common knowledge that they are neither predictable findings in all asphyxial deaths nor rare in natural, nonaphyxial deaths, the belief persists that petechiae are corroborative evidence of asphyxia. We suggest that a clear, physiologically based understanding of the pathogenesis of petechiae of the head is critical for their appropriate interpretation. We present a review of the literature and the basis of our conclusion that conjunctival and facial petechiae are the product of purely mechanical vascular phenomena, unrelated to asphyxia or hypoxia.

Conjunctival and facial petechiae have been regarded as classic signs of asphyxial deaths (1–11). First described by Tardieu in the nineteenth century, external and visceral petechiae have since been interpreted as hypoxia-related sequelae of asphyxia, sometimes being attributed in part to......

Staged Crime Scene California v. Charles B. Davis 2007

February 12, 2019July 28, 2017 by admin

This case involves a triple homicide in a small one-bedroom apartment. The victims were all stabbed to death and include Dana Beckmeyer, 44, WFA, who lived in the Oceanside apartment where the stabbings took place; Adrian Anthony Vanengalen, 55, WMA, of San Marcos; and Bruce Carriker, 57, WMA, of Vista, California. They were all either tweaked out on methamphetamine, high on marijuana, or drunk. The man suspected by police and ultimately put on trial was Charles B. Davis, 57, BMA, who had recently moved in with Beckmeyer. According to Mallory and Davis (2006): Charles Davis was calm and collected when he called police from a liquor store to surrender after a grisly triple murder in his home early yesterday, Vista sheriff’s officials said. The 58-year-old man called at 7 a.m. from a pay phone in Vista to say he knew why homicide investigators were searching for him and he was ready to cooperate. Oceanside police had been searching for Davis since 3:30 a.m., when...

Discouragement of Crime Through Civil Remedies: An Application of a Reformulated Routine Activities Theory

February 10, 2019July 28, 2017 by admin

ABTRACT

This discussion develops an updated version of routine activities theory and assesses its potential for explaining the impact of civil remedies on crime discoura gement. A reformulated routine activities theory is constructed by marrying its original precepts with other theories of crime. The updated approach provides a promising theoretical framework for understanding how nuisance abatement, juvenile curfews, and server liability laws impact on crime.

INTRODUCTION

Since its introduction two decades ago (Cohen and Felson 1979), routine activities theory has emerged as a leading approach for explaining crime . During its brief history, the theory has weathered debates over its conceptualization as a micro or macro-level theory (Capowich 1999), criticisms of its assumptions (Jeffery 1993), and disquieting research findings (Massey, Krohn, and Bonati 1989). Still, the volume of research that acknowledges an intellectual debt to the routine activities approach continues to expand. This is due, in part, to recent attempts to marry routine activities with other theories of crime such as...

To Be Published In The Official Reports Office Of The Attorney General

January 3, 2019July 28, 2017 by admin

ANALYSIS

The question presented for analysis concerns access by police and district attorney investigators to the medical and psychiatric records of a deceased person that are in the possession of the county coroner. May the records be disclosed by the coroner without the issuance of a court order, search warrant, or subpoena duces tecum? The issue arises when the coroner determines that a person has died under circumstances which suggest that the death was a homicide, and the coroner must notify the appropriate law enforcement agency. Government Code section 27491.11 provides: “In all cases in which a person has died under such circumstances as to afford a reasonable ground to suspect that the person’s death has been occasioned by the act of another by criminal means, the coroner, upon determining that such reasonable grounds exist, shall immediately notify the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the criminal investigation. Notification shall be made by the most direct communication available. The report shall state the name of the......