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Escalation Of Loyalty And The Decreasing Impact Of Perceived Value And Satisfaction Over Time

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the shifting role of perceived value and satisfaction in the formation of loyalty over the duration of a relationship life cycle. Drawing on a sample of online shoppers in Taiwan, the results show that the association between loyalty intention and shopping experiences conforms to an S-shaped growth curve. Customers’ intentions to stay with a website appear to be influenced by the perceived value and satisfaction formed during the most recent transaction; however, the strength of action inertia gradually declines after the maturity stage. The sample was classified into three segments (i.e., relationship driven and variety seeker; relationship neutral and value seeker; relationship averse and satisfaction seeker), which show distinct behaviors in terms of preferences, relationship status, sex, switching, and e-WOM inclination. Satisfaction is the most powerful driver of loyalty for the first shopping experience. Above and beyond satisfaction, perceived value has a strong impact on motivating new ...

Incentive Schemes, Sorting and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

Abstract

We investigate how the convexity of a firm‟s incentives interacts with worker overconfidence to affect sorting decisions and performance. We demonstrate experimentally that overconfident employees are more likely to sort into a non-linear incentive scheme over a linear one, even though this reduces pay for many subjects and despite the presence of clear feedback. Additionally, the linear scheme attracts demotivated, underconfident workers who perform below their ability. Our findings suggest that firms may design incentive schemes that adapt to the behavioral biases of employees to “sort in” (“sort away”) attractive (unattractive) employees; such schemes may also reduce a firm‟s wage bill.

Introduction

As economists‟ understanding of behavioral biases exhibited by individuals has deepened, an emerging literature has investigated how firms can best adapt their pricing, incentive and contract offerings in light of these biases. Several papers have studied how consumer biases affect the optimal pricing...

Dehumanization: An Integrative Review

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

The denial of full humanness to others, and the cruelty and suffering that accompany it, is an all too familiar phenomenon. However, the concept of dehumanization has rarely received systematic theoretical treatment. In social psychology, it has attracted only scattered attention. In this article, I review the many domains in which dehumanization appears in recent scholarship and present the main theoretical perspectives that have been developed. I argue that a theoretically adequate concept of dehumanization requires a clear understanding of “humanness” the quality that is denied to others when they are dehumanized and that most theoretical approaches have failed to specify one. Two distinct senses of humanness are proposed, and empirical research establishing that they are different in composition, correlates, and conceptual bases is presented. I introduce a new theoretical model, in which two forms of dehumanization corresponding to the denial of the two forms of humanness are proposed, and I discuss their distinct psychological foundations. The new model...

Application For 72-hour Detention For Evaluation And Treatment

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

DEFINITIONS

GRAVELY DISABLED

“Gravely Disabled” means a condition in which a person, as a result of a mental disorder, is unable to provided for his or her basic personal needs for food, clothing and shelter. SECTION 5008 (h) W & I CODE “Gravely Disabled Minor” means a minor who, as a result of a mental disorder, is unable to use the elements of life which are essential to health, safety, and development, including food, clothing, and shelter, even though provided to the minor by others.

SECTION 5585.25 W & I CODE Mental retardation, epilepsy, or other developmental disabilities, alcoholism, other drug abuse, or repeated antisocial behavior do not by themselves, constitute a mental disorder.

PEACE OFFICER “Peace Officer” means a duly sworn peace officer as that term is defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code who has completed...

Respect for Picket Lines

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

INTRODUCTION

A great deal has been written about the notorious reluctance of workers to cross picket lines' and the fact that such a refusal is traditional in the American labor movement.3 There is, however, a relatively small number of judicial and administrative decisions delineating the rights of employees upon refusing to cross a picket line.4 The question of an employee's rights upon refusing to cross a picket line turns on the type of picket line involved.5 Where an employee refuses to cross a legal picket line around his own employer's installation, there is little dispute that he is engaging in activity protected by section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act,' whether or not he is a member of the picketing union or the bargaining unit it represents. The more difficult question arises where an employee, while performing his assigned duties, refuses to cross a legal picket line at an installation of another employer. Employee rights in this situation is the topic of this note....

The Police Service Contract in California

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

There have been a variety of proposals to solve the presently divisive pattern of metropolitan and regional law enforcement.' Of these proposals, the police service contract offers the most feasible and practical solution. By. this device smaller police jurisdictions contract formally with a larger police agency for the provision of law enforcement services. No claim is made here that this type of voluntary governmental arrangement offers the ideal solution. This arrangement does offer, however, an alternative to the presently confused pattern of police organization: an alternative which is both simple in application, economically feasible, and frequently politically practical. Furthermore, this approach if properly structured-recognizes the principle of self-determination and leaves to the smaller jurisdiction a large degree of discretionary power. Basically, proposals for the reorganization of metropolitan police efforts have included the following objectives:. Simplification of metropolitan law enforcement patterns. enlargement of police administraitive areas; and 3. integration and coordination of police efforts throughout the

Presentation of the Steroid Psychoses.

November 13, 2018December 3, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This study suggests that patients receiving daily doses of 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent, are at greater risk for developing steroid psychosis. Psychotic reactions were twice as likely to occur during the first 5 days of treatment as subsequently. Premorbid personality, history of previous psychiatric disorder, and a history of previous steroid psychosis did not clearly increase the patient's risk of developing psychotic reaction during any given course of therapy. Steroid psychoses present as spectrum psychoses with symptoms ranging from affective through schizophreniform to those of an organic brain syndrome. No characteristic stable presentation was observed in these 14 cases reported here. The most prominent symptom constellation to appear some time during the course of the illness consisted of emotional lability, anxiety, distractibility, pressured speech, sensory flooding, insomnia, depression, perplexity, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, intermittent memory impairment, mutism, disturbances of body image, delusions, apathy, and hypomania. Phenothiazines...

Saboteurs, Scapegoats And Secrets: Diagnosis In Family Therapy

February 21, 2019November 27, 2017 by admin

IN CLINICAL PRACTICE one becomes more and more impressed with the importance of interviewing and understanding the whole family in certain situations. Family attitudes can make or break a successful treatment program, so a diagnostic interview should be held to determine how a family functions.

The Diagnostic Interview

The diagnostic interview is different from a therapeutic interview, especially concerning the referring agent and the family. No commitment for ongoing work is made prior to the diagnostic interview. The possibilities for further counselling are assessed with the family, and ideally with the referring agent,'at or shortly after the diagnostic interview. The referring agent may be a public health nurse, teacher, child care worker, or social worker from a community agency. We hope to have all the important members of the family present at the diagnostic interview. In practice this usually means everyone living in the same house as...

Family Interventions in Health Care

February 21, 2019November 27, 2017 by admin

In this article the author discusses the background and present status of family interventions in health care. He notes the convergence of interest occurring in this area among several health care disciplines during the 1970s and 1980s. He also summarizes his and colleague Macaran Baird's model for primary care family interventions in health care, which distinguishes between primary care interventions and specialized family therapy interventions. The author then describes new work on delineating levels of professional involvement with families in health care, and discusses curriculum implications of these levels. Finally, he offers advice and warnings about collaboration among different professional groups in this emerging area.

Family interventions in health care can be defined as efforts by health care professionals to work systematically with the patient's family for the purposes of prevention, treatment, management, or rehabilitation of biopsychosocial problems. The focus of such interventions may be: (a) on the individual patient, with the family playing a supportive...

Brief Screening for Family Psychiatric History The Family History Screen

February 21, 2019November 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Brief screens to collect lifetime family psychiatric history are useful in clinical practice and for identifying potential families for genetic studies.

METHODS: The Family History Screen (FHS) collects information on 15 psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior in informants and their first-degree relatives. Since each question is posed only once about all family members as a group, the administrative time is 5 to 20 minutes, depending on family size and illness. Data on the validity against best-estimate (BE) diagnosis based on independent and blind direct interviews on 289 probands and 305 relatives and test-retest reliability across 15 months in 417 subjects are presented.

RESULTS: Agreement between FHS and BE diagnosis for proband and relative self-report had median sensitivity (SEN) of 67.6 and 71.1 respectively; median specificity (SPC) was 87.6 and 89.4, respectively. Marked decrease in SEN occurred when a single informant....

Therapeutic Communication

February 21, 2019November 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This article focuses on the concept of "Therapeutic communication". it also tries to highlight the importance of this concept, which through verbal or nonverbal communication makes the nurse consciously influence a client or help the client. it involves the use of specific strategies that encourage the patient to express feelings and ideas. There are different reactions to "therapeutic communication" as all patients differ in their characters, background, social status, culture, etc.

This article will also compare the role of the nurse as compared to that of the doctor. They must both master efficient therapeutic techniques of communication in order to establish empathy towards the experience that the patient reveals. it is of great importance for them to have communicative therapeutic skills in order to successfully apply the communicative process as well as to fulfill the standards of healthcare for the patients. Through therapeutic communication they should establish a relationship,...

When Munchausen Becomes Malingering: Factitious Disorders That Penetrate the Legal System

February 21, 2019November 26, 2017 by admin

Factitious disorders are those conditions in which individuals actively create signs or symptoms of physical or psychological disease states.' Although there are numerous reports of factitious psychological disorders, there is controversy about the legitimacy of the diagnosis This paper will limit its focus to factitious physical disorders and how they may enter the legal system in civil litigation. Although most psychiatrists are familiar with factitious disorders from their medical training, many attorneys and judges have had not any exposure to such cases. As these cases appear to be developing more frequently in legal and other non-medical settings,' it is important for these non-psychiatrists to become aware of the factitious disorders in order to deal with cases appropriately. Considerable education may be necessary to inform legal staff about factitious disorders because the entity is so counter intuitive-no one expects an apparently reasonable person to actively create a...

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (Munchausen by proxy)

November 16, 2018November 26, 2017 by admin

Practice Essentials

Factitious disorder imposed on another (formerly factitious disorder by proxy) has as its cardinal characteristic the production or feigning of physical or psychological symptoms in another person, usually a child or adult under the care of the person with the disorder. It is currently understood as including the condition commonly known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). Signs and symptoms

Common presentations of factitious disorder imposed on another (including MSBP) include the following:

•Bleeding •Seizures •Recurrent apparent life-threatening events •Poisoning •Apnea •Central nervous system (CNS) depression •Diarrhea and vomiting •Fever, either feigned (via falsification of chart records) or actual •Rash •Hypoglycemia •Hyperglycemia •Hematuria or guaiac-positive stools •Multiple infections with varied and often unusual organisms

Warning signs that raise the possibility of this disorder include the following:

Unexplainable, persistent, or recurrent illnesses Discrepancies among the history, clinical findings, and child’s general health

What Is the Difference Between Malingering and Factitious Disorder?

November 16, 2018November 26, 2017 by admin

Factitious disorder is the term used to describe a pattern of behavior centered on the exaggeration or outright falsifications of one’s own health problems or the health problems of others. Some people with this disorder fake or exaggerate physical problems; others fake or exaggerate psychological problems or a combination of physical and psychological problems. Factitious disorder differs from a pattern of falsified or exaggerated behavior called malingering. While malingerers make their claims out of a motivation for personal gain, people with factitious disorder have no such motivation.

Factitious Disorder Basics

People with factitious disorder do several things that are unexpected for patients who present themselves for medical treatment, or for individuals seeking treatment for others in their care. First, they commonly exaggerate or lie about problems in their medical histories or the histories of others. They also present their doctors with symptoms that don’t legitimately ....

Munchausen’s Syndrome and Other Factitious Disorders in Children

November 16, 2018November 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

There has been increasing recognition in the pediatric literature for the past 20 years that illness falsification by caregivers must be included in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with persistent, unexplained symptoms or laboratory findings. However, there is considerably less awareness that pediatric symptoms can also be intentionally falsified by child and adolescent patients, and this unique group has remained virtually invisible. There have been reports that many children with factitious disorders also suffer from other mental disorders, particularly personality disorders. We report an unusual case of Munchausen's syndrome in a 15-year-old patient with sickle cell disease. We also review other reported pediatric factitious disorders in literature. Our purpose is to make clinicians aware of this less known disorder in children and to discuss the similarities and differences these disorders have in children compared to adults with the same disorders.

Introduction

Adult patients who present with symptoms of factitious disease are...

Are Psychiatric Diagnoses Defamatory Statements?

November 16, 2018November 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

To evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for the efficacy of different communication strategies used by clinicians to inform patients about the diagnosis and outcome of schizophrenia, compared with treatment as usual

To compare efficacy between different communication strategies.

Background

Description of the condition

Schizophrenia, a serious mental illness, is a group of heterogeneous disorders typically characterised by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour, and negative symptoms (avolition, apathy, anhedonia, alogia, affective blunting). The two major classification systems, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), have different requirements of symptoms duration for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. While the DSM requires a total duration of a minimum of six months, the ICD-10 warrants a minimum duration of one month.