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Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

November 17, 2018October 23, 2017 by admin

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for psychiatrists, primary care physicians, psychologists, neurologists, pharmacists, and other mental health professionals.

The goal of this activity is to provide current treatment protocols and clinical strategies for the treatment and management of psychiatric disorders and to update the clinician and the researcher on the latest developments in psychiatry and mental health.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

1.Distinguish among the various subtypes of bipolar disorder. 2.Review aspects of violence and some of its causes. 3.Delineate recent findings in the treatment of sexual side effects of psychotropic medications.

Sexual Assault, Irresistible Impulses, And Forensic Psychiatry In Sweden

November 17, 2018October 23, 2017 by admin

Abstract

After forensic psychiatry was firmly established in Sweden in the 1930s, many rapists and individuals charged with assaulting children underwent a forensic psychiatric examination. The physicians found that most of them had not been “in control” of their senses or not “in complete control” of their senses at the time of the crime. If the court ordered a forensic psychiatric examination, the defendant had a very good chance of either being discharged or having his sentence reduced considerably. By the 1950s psychological perspectives began to dominate in forensic psychiatry. In the forensic records of the 1950s we can notice a shift from a biomedical to a socio-psychological perspective, and crime was increasingly related to conditions that were not seen as mental derangement from a legal point of view. As a result, it became less and less common, from the...

Evaluation for Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders: A Survey of Experts

November 17, 2018October 23, 2017 by admin

Abstract

At this study's commencement, 17 states had enacted sex offender civil commitment legislation. Although each statute outlines broad criteria that must be met, civil commitment evaluators are given considerable latitude in how to conduct their assessment. Forty-one experts who conduct sex offender civil commitment evaluations were surveyed to identify the usual practice of these evaluators. A great deal of agreement exists across experts regarding the conduct of sex offender civil commitment evaluations. However, these patterns appear quite different from the usual practice outlined in other types of forensic evaluations. Experts in sex offender civil commitment endorsed documentation as the core method for evaluation. The majority of evaluators reported the assessment of paraphilias, substance abuse, other Axis I disorders, Axis II disorders, and psychopathy as essential to the evaluation. Virtually all survey respondents utilized actuarial risk assessment measures, primarily the Static-99, in assessing for risk of...

Management of Retrograde Ejaculation

November 5, 2018October 23, 2017 by admin

The goal of treatment methods for retrograde ejaculation is to restore antegrade ejaculation though medical therapy or with surgical procedures, or to retrieve sperm from the urine to be used with assisted reproduction.

Medical management aims to increase the tone of the bladder neck, preventing retrograde flow of semen into the bladder. This can be achieved either by stimulating sympathetic activity (closure of the bladder neck is under sympathetic control) or by blocking parasympathetic input (para sympathetic activity is responsible for bladder neck relaxation) (Jonas, Linzbach, & Weber, 1979; Stewart, & Bergant, 1974; Stockamp, Schreiter, & Altwein, 1974). Treatment of retrograde ejaculation includes antihistamines (brompheniramine), tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine), and other agents, including anticholinergic and adrenergic agents (Kamischke, & Nieschlage, 2002). Araja and Tabie (2008) noted in cases of males with diabetes mellitus with complete retrograde ejaculation that imipramine (25 mg twice a...u

Drugs That May Cause Muscle Weakness Or Wasting

November 17, 2018October 22, 2017 by admin

Muscle problems have many possible causes. Inflammation of the muscle, called myositis, causes muscle weakness and wasting. Several types of drugs are linked to the development of myositis in some people. These include some recreational drugs, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, drugs affecting the hormonal system, drugs for cholesterol as well as heart and stomach drugs.

Recreational Drugs

Consumption of some recreational drugs is known to cause muscle problems. Alcoholic myopathy, also known as alcoholic rhabdomyolysis, is a condition in which the skeletal muscle breaks down during an alcohol binge or withdrawal from chronic use. If mild it may cause no symptoms. It can lead to muscle weakness and wasting, and if severe the proteins released from muscle break down into the blood and can damage the kidneys. A binge on cocaine can also cause muscle tissue to break down...

Statewide Law Enforcement | Mental Health Efforts

February 21, 2019October 22, 2017 by admin

Introduction

Nationwide, law enforcement agencies in rapidly increasing numbers have embraced specialized policing responses (SPRs, pronounced “spurs”) to people with mental illnesses. These efforts, which prioritize treatment over incarceration when appropriate, are planned and implemented in partnership with community service providers and citizens. The two most prevalent SPR approaches are Crisis Intervention Teams (CITs) and police-mental health co.-responder teams. CITs, pioneered by the Memphis (TN) Police Department, draw on a self-selected cadre of officers trained to identify signs and symptoms of mental illness, to de-escalate any situation involving an individual who appears to have a mental illness, and to connect that person in crisis to treatment. The second approach, co-responder teams, forged by the Los Angeles (CA) Police Department and San Diego County (CA) Sheriff’s Department, pairs officers with mental health professionals to respond to calls involving people in or combined these strategies, but a common...

H.R. 731 (114th): Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Act of 2015

November 5, 2018October 22, 2017 by admin

Amends the Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004 to: (1) expand the assistance provided under such Act, and (2) reauthorize appropriations for FY2016-FY2020.

Authorizes the Attorney General to award grants to establish or expand: (1) veterans treatment court programs, which involve collaboration among criminal justice, veterans, and mental health and substance abuse agencies to provide qualified veterans (preliminarily qualified offenders who were discharged from the armed forces under conditions other than dishonorable) with intensive judicial supervision and case management, treatment services, alternatives to incarceration, and other appropriate services, including housing, transportation, job training, education, and assistance in obtaining benefits; (2) peer to peer services or programs to assist such veterans in obtaining treatment, recovery, stabilization, or rehabilitation; (3) practices that identify and provide treatment, rehabilitation, legal, transitional, and other appropriate services to such veterans who have been incarcerated; and (4) training programs to teach...

Mental Health Training In Emergency Homeless Shelters.

November 5, 2018October 22, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The prevalence of mental illness among homeless persons points to the importance of providing mental health training to emergency shelter staff. The authors report on their own work and argue that such training offers the potential to significantly improve shelter staffs ability to respond to the needs of shelter residents with mental illness, and to the behavioral problems some of these individuals may pose for shelter operation. Mental health care providers should take into consideration organizational dynamics when planning and implementing such training...

Mental Health By the Numbers

November 17, 2018October 22, 2017 by admin

Prevalence of Mental Illness

Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the U.S.—43.8 million, or 18.5%—experiences mental illness in a given year. Approximately 1 in 25 adults in the U.S.—9.8 million, or 4.0%—experiences a serious mental illness in a given year that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities. Approximately 1 in 5 youth aged 13–18 (21.4%) experiences a severe mental disorder at some point during their life.

For children aged 8–15, the estimate is 13%. 1.1% of adults in the U.S. live with schizophrenia.

2.6% of adults in the U.S. live with bipolar disorder.

6.9% of adults in the U.S.—16 million—had at least one major depressive episode in the past year.

18.1% of adults in the U.S. experienced an anxiety disorder such as posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and specific phobias...

Misdiagnosing Normality: Psychiatry’s Failure To Address The Problem Of False Positive Diagnoses Of Mental Disorder In A Changing Professional Environmen

November 5, 2018October 22, 2017 by admin

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In psychiatry's transformation from primarily an asylum-based profession to a community-oriented profession, false positive diagnoses that mistakenly classify normal intense reactions to stress as mental disorders became a major challenge to the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. The shift to symptom-based operationalized diagnostic criteria in DSM-III further exacerbated this difficulty because of the contextually based nature of the distinction between normal distress and mental disorder, which often display similar symptoms. The problem has particular urgency because the DSM's symptom-based criteria are often applied in studies and screening instruments outside of the clinical context and by non-mental-health professionals.

AIMS:

To consider, through selected examples, the degree of concern, systematicity and thoroughness - and the degree of success - with which recent revisions of the DSM have attended to the challenge of avoiding false positive diagnoses.

METHOD:

Conceptual analysis of selected criteria sets, with a focus on possible counterexamples...

Everyone’s Neighborhood: Addressing “Not in My Backyard” Opposition to Supportive Housing for People with Mental Health Disabilities

February 21, 2019October 21, 2017 by admin

Chapter 1: Introduction

Organizations that provide housing and supportive services to people with mental health disabilities have their work cut out for them. It is enough of a challenge to identify housing sites, obtain necessary funding, arrange for services, navigate complex administrative systems and secure scarce funding sources if neighbors and local government support the project. But the process becomes much more difficult when neighbors start complaining about housing “those people” in “our” neighborhood. This paper discusses efforts that housing developers, advocates and local governments have made to promote supportive housing for people with mental health disabilities, suggests strategies for bolstering community support, and provides tools for addressing neighborhood opposition if it does arise. “Not In My Backyard” – or NIMBY1 – opposition to affordable and supportive housing “has deep roots in fear, racism, classism, ableism, and growing antidevelopment reactions. ....

Why Are Religious Delusions And Hallucinations So Prominent In Patients With Serious Mental Health Diagnoses, Especially Schizophrenia?

November 17, 2018October 21, 2017 by admin

In patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, often delusions exist that either exalt the status of the patient (eg, the patient is God's representative on earth) or denigrate the patient (eg, God is sending messages to the patient specifying his/her sinfulness and need to be punished). Are there sociological or neurological explanations for the high prevalence of religious delusions and hallucinations?

Popular Answers

The schizoid constellation comprises a number of typical symptoms, present in greater or lesser amounts, further mitigated through numerous indiosyncratic aspects of each case, the time of onset, the number of years, and of course the individual triggers. The easiest way to answer that question - employing Occams razor for the least-words-being-the-best - would go to the essense of the communication with God business. Think of what would happen igf the pipeline from experience to memory suddenly developed leaks - the continuity of your memory...

Sexual Orientation and Its Relation to Mental Disorders and Suicide Attempts: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample

November 17, 2018October 21, 2017 by admin

Abstract

To compare the rates of all Axis I and II mental disorders and suicide attempts in sexual orientation minorities with rates in heterosexuals using a nationally representative sample. Data used were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 (n = 34 653, response rate = 70.2%). Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine differences in rates of mental disorders and suicide attempts by sexual orientation. All analyses were stratified by sex. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, lesbians and bisexual women demonstrated a 3-fold increased likelihood of substance use disorders, and gay and bisexual men showed twice the rate of anxiety disorders and schizophrenia and (or) psychotic illness, even after accounting for mental disorder comorbidity. Suicide attempts were independently associated with bisexuality, with odds 3 times higher than in heterosexuals. Findings from our study emphasize the fact that sexual orientation...

Discussing the Criminal and Criminal Anthropology at Victorian Broadmoor

November 17, 2018October 21, 2017 by admin

July 10, 2015

‘It really is astounding the vogue that this puerile nonsense has obtained’: Discussing the Criminal and Criminal Anthropology at Victorian Broadmoor

The publication of Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso’s The Criminal (1876) established criminal anthropology as an independent science. Lombroso believed that there existed a criminal type: a man or a woman with a specific anatomical configuration.[i] Criminal anthropology had a limited following in Britain. In his The Criminal, Henry Havelock Ellis criticised Lombroso for his style, impetuosity, and lack of critical analysis, but believed that it would be ‘idle to attempt to deny [the] importance of a ‘morbid element’ in criminality’.[ii] He wrote of the size and shape of criminals’ heads, of their cranial abnormalities, prominent jaws and cheekbones, of their receding chins, and of their teeth, nose, ears and beards.[iii] Prison chaplain W. D. Morrison asked:...

Parent and Child Contributions to Diagnosis of Mental Disorder: Are Both Informants Always Necessary?

November 17, 2018October 21, 2017 by admin

Abstract

To examine the unique cases contributed by parent and child informants to diagnostic classification, with the goal of identifying those diagnoses for which either or both informants are needed. The authors examined survey data from the Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study, a 4-community epidemiology survey of 9- to 17-year-old children and their parents. Parent-child dyads (1,285 pairs) were independently interviewed by lay persons with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; a subset of these pairs (n = 247) were also interviewed by clinicians. Agreement between parents and children was examined with respect to levels of impairment, need for/use of services, and clinicians' diagnoses. Parents and children rarely agreed on the presence of diagnostic conditions, regardless of diagnostic type. Nonetheless, most child-only- and parent-only-identified diagnoses were similarly related to impairment and clinical validation, with...

One Psychologist’s Fight To Destigmatize Mental Illness

November 17, 2018October 21, 2017 by admin

We live in a world where going to a therapist often feels more shameful than going to see your dentist or internist. Many people still feel embarrassed and ashamed about needing help for their anxiety or depression, while they would not have those feelings if treating a cancerous growth or heart disease.

Although this stigma is slowly changing, our society still holds many misconceptions about what it means to have a mental illness. And these misconceptions or a lack of accurate information can interfere with people getting the help they need. Individuals who suffer from mental illness are not lazy, deranged, weak, or whining for attention. In fact, they are no more likely to have negative personality traits than people who don’t suffer from this type of disease. Mental health disorders are relatively common in the United States and according to some statistics 25% of the...