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Lobotomy | Catholic Physicians’ Guild July 1948

February 21, 2019October 9, 2017 by admin

LOBOTOMY

Question: Is prefrontal lobotomy morally permissible in the treatment of mental disorders? Principle The principle to be applied in answering the question is this: Any procedure harmful to the patient is morally justifiable only in so far as it is designed to produce a proportionate good. As long as we remain in the sphere of theory this principle is easily explained and easily understood. It simply means that to pass judgment on the morality of any mutilation one must compare the harm that might be done with the benefit to be expected. If the hope of benefit is commensurate with the danger of harm, the procedure is morally justifiable; otherwise it is not. But when we pass from theory,to the judging of a particular procedure for a particular patient, we are often confronted with many difficulties. To make a fair comparison of harm...

Excited Delirium

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Excited (or agitated) delirium is characterized by agitation, aggression, acute distress and sudden death, often in the pre-hospital care setting. It is typically associated with the use of drugs that alter dopamine processing, hyperthermia, and, most notably, sometimes with death of the affected person in the custody of law enforcement. Subjects typically die from cardiopulmonary arrest, although the cause is debated. Unfortunately an adequate treatment plan has yet to be established, in part due to the fact that most patients die before hospital arrival. While there is still much to be discovered about the pathophysiology and treatment, it is hoped that this extensive review will provide both police and medical personnel with the information necessary to recognize and respond appropriately to excited delirium...

The Karpman Drama Triangle

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

The basic concept underpinning the Karpman Drama Triangle is the connection between responsibility and power, and their relationship to boundaries.

The Karpman Drama Triangle was originally conceived by Steven Karpman and was used to plot the interplay and behavioural “moves” between two or more people. Karpman’s original premise was based on the Transactional Analysis model as proposed by Eric Berne in the 50’s. Berne’s hypothesis is that people form a “Script” which is essentially an individual’s concept or belief about who they are, what the World is like, how they relate to the World, how the World relates to them, and how others treat them. Psychologists theorise that an individual forms their Script by the time they are four or five. A Script is based on what an individual is told, what they experience, and how they interpret these external stimuli from their own internal frame of reference....

Are You a Victim of the Victim Syndrome?

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

People who suffer from the victim syndrome are always complaining about the 'bad things that happen' in their lives. Because they believe they have no control over the way events unfold, they don’t feel a sense of responsibility for them. One moment, they present themselves dramatically as victims; the next, they morph into victimizers, hurting the people trying to help them and leaving would-be helpers with a sense of utter frustration. People with a victim mentality display passive-aggressive characteristics when interacting with others. Their behavior has a self-defeating, almost masochistic quality. The victim style becomes a relational mode - a life affirming activity: I am miserable therefore I am. In this article, I present three examples of people with this syndrome and a checklist that can be used to identify sufferers. I also discuss the concept of secondary gain - the 'benefits' people get from perpetuating a problem... .

The Management of Thoracic Injuries

February 21, 2019October 9, 2017 by admin

WITH THE roads daily becoming choked with fast cars, Casualty Departments throughout the country are increasingly familiar with major chest injuries. The crushing forces applied to the chest as the driver is thrown against the steering column, and the stresses imposed upon mediastinal structures by rapid deceleration in head-on collision often produce injuries so severe that death is instantaneous. In those fortunate enough to reach hospital, resuscitative measures must be applied immediately and often by doctors untrained in thoracic surgery. London (1963) found ninetythree chest injuries in a series of 551 casualties admitted to the Birmingham Accident Hospital, and of these, sixty-eight had other important lesions. The principles underlying the management of thoracic trauma are straightforward and their application involves only a few easily acquired techniques. Abrams (1961a) succinctly defined the causes of death from chest injury as 'the lethal triad, bleeding, drowning and suffocation',...

Amnesia for Homicide (“Pedicide”)Its Treatment With Hypnosis

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Guttmacher and Weihofen1 have pointed out that "the recollection of crime is often incomplete with a spotty amnesia which may clear up only partially under sodium pentothal or one of the other abreactive drugs." The author will present the cases of two women who murdered their children and subsequently suffered from a complete amnesia for the details of these crimes. In each case the woman had some vague recollection of having killed her child, but had forgotten all of the specific details of the homicide and the surrounding events. The cases are presented for the purpose of elucidating three factors.

1. The phenomenology and some of the causative factors of such crimes.

2. The phenomenology and dynamics of the concurrent amnesia.

3. The usefulness of hypnosis in elucidating factors 1 and 2 by a recovery of the forgotten events.

Using Hypnosis For Therapeutic Abreactions.

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Abreaction, the dramatic reliving of traumatic events under hypnosis, is a powerful therapeutic intervention useful in the treatment of victims of trauma. First systematically applied in World War I, abreaction coupled with psychotherapeutic processing of the recovered material is increasingly being used with victims of child abuse and chronic PTSD. Abreactions are helpful in recovering dissociated or repressed traumatic material, reconnecting missing affect with recalled material and for transforming traumatic memories. Although abreactions can be induced with medications, hypnosis is the method of choice except in acute situations where it is not possible to establish rapport. A variety of hypnotic techniques for the induction and management of abreaction are discussed, together with the indications and contraindications for their use...

Special Aspects of Crime Scene Interpretation and Behavioral Analysis

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

1. INTRODUCTION

Crime scene analysis may lead to different ways of interpretation and classification of a crime investigated. Additional information can be obtained by methods of behavioral analysis where an overall view of the criminal case is provided and conclusions regarding the underlying motive(s) can be drawn (1–10). Behavioral analysis in unsolved homicide cases is playing a more important role in the field of police work (11–13). The method of behavioral analysis was developed in the United States and further developed in different European countries in the late 1980s. Today, it is routine practice for police agencies to perform analytical procedures in unsolved homicide cases in close cooperation with experts from different fields, such as psychiatry, psychology, and forensic pathology. This analytical process should not be confused with offender profiling. The forensic pathologist investigating the death scene and examining the victim’s body will most often contribute valuable information to a careful...

Interrogations 2013: Safeguarding against False Confessions

February 21, 2019October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

False confessions contributed to 40 of the first 250 DNA exonerations. Recognizing that even one wrongful conviction is too many, police, professors, and expert witnesses are interested in what went wrong in those cases, and what can be done to avoid similar mistakes in the future. There is general agreement that a straightforward set of procedural safeguards, already regularly used by many detectives, can protect against future wrongful convictions.Introduction Historically, there has been considerable debate about the causes of wrongful convictions, in part because there was not full agreement about whether the defendants were truly innocent. To learn from cases of wrongful convictions, it is important to identify cases where there is now wide agreement that the persons are actually innocent. Here, the focus is on cases where people were exonerated based on post-conviction DNA tests.We can learn from what went wrong in these cases.Recently, Professor Brandon Garrett focused on confession statements obtained from suspects in police...

Homicide Followed By Suicide: Remorse Or Revenge?

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Homicide is followed by the suicide of the assailant in around 4% of homicide-suicide episodes in England and Wales. The assailant is invariably a man who most commonly kills his spouse and/or children. Shooting is the most common method of suicide and homicide in these cases. It has been asserted that the low rate of homicide and relatively high rate of suicide in killers is a result of English killers internalizing their culture's abhorrence of killing. However, examination of homicide-suicide episodes indicate that in most episodes the decision to commit suicide has been taken before the decision to kill and that only a minority of suicides in assailants are out of remorse. Homicide followed by suicide is a distinct category of homicide which has features that differ from other forms of killing. These episodes are complex and do not reflect simple remorse following the killing. ...

Sexual Violence Surveillance Uniform Definitions And Recommended Data Elements

February 21, 2019October 8, 2017 by admin

INTRODUCTION

The Problem of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence (SV) is a profound social and public health problem in the United States. The range of experiences that pertain to SV is broad and affects females and males across the lifespan. As will be covered in more detail to follow, SV includes both penetrative and non-penetrative acts as well as non-contact forms. Sexual violence occurs when a perpetrator commits sexual acts without a victim’s consent, or when a victim is unable to consent (e.g., due to age, illness) or refuse (e.g., due to physical violence or threats). According to the

National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS):1 • 1 in 5 women and nearly 1 in 59 men have experienced an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime, defined as penetrating a victim by use of force or through alcohol/drug facilitation; • Approximately 1 in 15 men (6.7%) reported that they...

The Importance of “Sexual Proprietariness” in Theoretical Framing and Interpretation of Pregnancy-Associated Intimate Partner Violence and Femicide

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by an intimate partner in particular, and those who were physically abused during a pregnancy. Results indicate that women who are physically abused during pregnancy also experience higher levels of all other forms of abuse compared to women who are not pregnant when abused, including nearly twice the level of power and control.

Abstract

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by...

Combining Police and Probation Information Resources to Reduce Burglary: Testing a Crime Analysis Problem-Solving Approach

February 20, 2019October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This research report describes the joint effort of the Phoenix Police Department (PPD) and the Maricopa County Adult Probation Department (APD) to develop a shared database for use, with GIS mapping, as a crime analysis tool within a formal problem-solving process to reduce crime. The project as originally designed included three components:

1. Construction of a shared database and integration of selected data from the two departments; 2. Collaboration of the departments in a formal, systematic problem-solving process aimed at reducing regional instances of burglary; and 3. Documentation of the above components and an evaluation of their impact on crime, using a quasi-experimental research design.

Evaluators established a quasi-experimental design to test the central proposition that database shared by the police and probation departments and used in crime analysis and problem-solving applications would support greater reductions in crime than would reliance solely on single-agency data....

Attention Seeking Behaviors

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

When a child is not able to get attention from his or her primary caretakers, he or she will do what kids do and act out by saying or doing something that creates some drama. Children do this because negative attention is still attention. We expect this because children are trying to figure out how to do life, and part of their job is to push the boundaries and our buttons.

What we don't expect, and what becomes a big problem in relationships, is when adults act out in this manner. Make no mistake. If you ever say, "I should just kill myself," to see how your partner will respond, it is unquestionably an attention-seeking behavior. And it is one of the unhealthiest actions you can indulge in.

Creating this kind of drama in an adult relationship is at best a sad commentary on an obviously broken communication dynamic. In addition,...

Indigent Defense: International Perspectives and Research Needs

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

The U.S. Constitution guarantees all criminal defendants the right to be represented by counsel. Those defendants who cannot afford a lawyer have the right to have counsel appointed free of charge.[1] A considerable majority of criminal defendants in the United States fall into this category; yet, there are insufficient resources to meet their legal needs.

The American Bar Association (ABA) has characterized the funding for indigent defense services as "shamefully inadequate" and found that the system "lacks fundamental fairness and places poor persons at constant risk for wrongful conviction."[2] Public defenders represent the majority of indigent defendants in nonfederal cases,[3] but public defender offices are significantly understaffed and underfunded. In 2007, the Bureau of Justice Statistics examined caseloads in public defender offices and found that the majority of offices exceeded the recommended number of cases per attorney under the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice's Standards and Goals and employed insufficient numbers of support staff.