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Narco-Analysis: A New Technique in Short-Cut Psychotherapy: A Comparison with Other Methods: And Notes on the Barbiturates

December 17, 2018August 27, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This little book summarizes the author's experience with barbiturates as aids in the production of hypnosis. He contends that narcotic hypnosis resembles ordinary hypnosis in all essential respects. A chapter on the chemistry of the barbiturates is included. The author recounts his experiences with narcoanalysis in a mental hospital and in outpatient clinics. A few cases of war neurosis, simulation and malingering are discussed. The book thoroughly considers the technic of therapy with intravenous sodium pentothal and amytal. The theoretical chapters indicate that the author rightfully uses the treatment only as the first step and follows it with other psychotherapy and assistance to the patient in reconstructing his outlook on life. It is unfortunate that the author delayed writing this book concerning his early experience with narcoanalysis. It would have been invaluable to American military psychiatrists in their early therapeutic trials. However, the work is still up to date and...

What to do if a GHB Overdose Occurs

December 17, 2018August 27, 2017 by admin

We must take care of our own. Talk about what to do if a GHB overdose occurs Since it's a more frequent occurrence that any of us would prefer...talking it through ahead of time can help those around you know what to do in case an overdose does happen. Contact the events EMT, they are there for you. Check their breathing. Turn the individual on their side so if they vomit while unconscious they won't choke. If there is reason to think they are in danger, call help immediately. The most dangerous period is between 20 and 120 minutes after ingestion. Try to find out what else they may have taken. Always lean on the side of caution and safety. Whenever someone becomes unconscious after taking a depressant, there is a risk of death. If someone begins vomiting and convulsing after taking GHB, the person should get medical attention immediately....

Death from GHB

December 17, 2018August 27, 2017 by admin

Death from GHB

March 5, 2011

Case series of 226 γ-hydroxybutyrate-associated deaths: lethal toxicity and trauma. Zvosek DL et al. Am J Emer Med 2011;29:319-332

Abstract

This long paper retrospectively reviews an extensive series of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) fatalities culled from various sources, including medical examiner/coroner records, state health departments and toxicology labs, law enforcement agencies, and cases reported to the website www.ProjectGHB.org. Cases were included if levels of GHB or 1,4-Butanediol (BD) in various biologic specimens exceeded pre-set cutoffs.

A total of 226 BHG-associated deaths were identified: 213 directly caused by drug toxicity, 13 from trauma judged to be associated with the drug (6 motor vehicle crashes, 6 drownings, 1 fire). Deaths from drug toxicity were most likely caused by respiratory depression.

The authors make a number of important points:

Although GHB is often mistakenly considered safe if taken alone, a number of deaths in this report...

Women Who Kill: A Comparison Of The Psychosocial Background Of Female And Male Perpetrators

December 17, 2018August 27, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the psychosocial background of female and male perpetrators convicted of homicide in Sweden between 1995–2001. All women (n = 43) who were convicted for lethal violence during the period and a corresponding number of randomly chosen men (n = 43) were examined. In total, information about 86 individuals was collected retrospectively. Areas of interest were psychosocial variables during childhood and at the time of the current crime. Results showed that both female and male perpetrators were psychosocially encumbered already at an early age. Homicidal women had more severe childhood circumstances, but less aggressive childhood behaviour than did their male counterparts. At the time of the crime, women had a more ordered social situation, had more often been exposed to violence and searched for help than had the men. These gender differences suggest that specific actions are needed for preventing women's homicidal behaviour...

Overview of Current Approaches To the Evaluation and Management Of Male Infertility

February 14, 2019August 27, 2017 by admin

Infertility is clinically defined as the inability of a couple to achieve conception after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. It is currently believed that male factors contribute to 40% to 60% of infertility cases (Schlegel, 2009). This article seeks to provide an overview of the evaluation and management of male factor infertility. There are many different possible etiologies of impaired fertility in men, and because treatment efforts must be closely tailored to individual presentations, it is important to conduct a thorough initial evaluation of each case, which typically involves a focused history, physical examination, and laboratory testing. A thorough history can provide many useful insights into possible causes of a patient’s infertility. In obtaining a detailed sexual and fertility history, it is important to assess how long the couple has been trying to conceive, frequency of intercourse, and any previous fertility of either partner,...

Posttraumatic Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia: Pathophysiology and Implications in Grading and Safe Return to Play

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Objective:

The presence of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and loss of consciousness have been main factors used in a number of concussion guidelines. In this article, the focus is on using PTA (both retrograde and anterograde) as salient indicators of traumatic brain injury severity and the most reliable index of outcome prediction, even in mild cases.

Data Sources:

A MEDLINE search for the years 1990–2000 using the key words posttraumatic retrograde and anterograde amnesia, concussion and mild traumatic brain injury was done.

Data Synthesis:

On-the-field testing of PTA is a salient and integral component of the initial and follow-up neurologic assessments of the head-injured athlete.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Initial and follow-up assessments of PTA, anterograde and retrograde, are an essential part of the neurologic evaluation of the head-injured athlete. Increasingly, neuropsychological testing, including computer models, is being employed in this assessment. The importance of not just PTA but all postconcussion signs and...

Side Effects of α-Blocker Use: Retrograde Ejaculation

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

There are currently 5 α-blockers that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The American Urological Association guidelines committee believes that all α-blockers are equally effective. However, α-blockers differ in their likelihood of causing abnormal ejaculation. This article discusses the effects on ejaculatory function, and specifically retrograde ejaculation, of the currently available α-blockers being used to treat men with LUTS due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

In the 1980s, the recognition by Lepor and colleagues that prostatic smooth muscle tension was mediated by α1-adrenoceptors led to the development of α-blockade as a treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).1 This dynamic component of prostatic obstruction accounts for approximately 40% of outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).2 There are currently 5 α-blockers that are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved to treat LUTS: doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, alfuzosin, and silodosin. The American Urological Association...

Drug-Induced Homicide Laws: A Misguided Response to Overdose Deaths

February 15, 2019August 26, 2017 by admin

Background

Overdose death rates in the United States have more than doubled over the past decade, surpassing motor vehicle accidents as the leading cause of injury-related death in the country.1 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 47,055 people – an average of 128 people a day – died from drug overdoses in 2014.2 More than 18,000 overdose deaths in 2014 involved prescription opioids, such as hydrocodone (Vicodin™) and oxycodone (OxyContin™), while an additional 10,000 fatalities were attributed to heroin.3 Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, claimed nearly 5,550 lives.4 Policymakers are understandably alarmed at the overdose crisis with which they are now confronted. The public is calling for help and solutions. Elected officials unfamiliar with, or resistant to, harm reduction, prevention, and treatment interventions, however, are introducing punitive, counter-productive legislative measures in a misguided effort to reduce overdose fatalities. In particular, some states, including New...

Huntington Disease; HD

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

▼ TEXT A number sign (#) is used with this entry because Huntington disease (HD) is caused by a heterozygous expanded trinucleotide repeat (CAG)n, encoding glutamine, in the gene encoding huntingtin (HTT; 613004) on chromosome 4p16.

In normal individuals, the range of repeat numbers is 9 to 36. In those with HD, the repeat number is above 37 (Duyao et al., 1993).

▼ Description Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a distinct phenotype characterized by chorea, dystonia, incoordination, cognitive decline, and behavioral difficulties. There is progressive, selective neural cell loss and atrophy in the caudate and putamen. Walker (2007) provided a detailed review of Huntington disease, including clinical features, population genetics, molecular biology, and animal models

Differences in the Characteristics of Intimate Femicides

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The relationship between a victim and an offender is critical to understanding the context and dynamics of homicide. It is recognized that the causes and correlates of homicides within intimate relationships differ from the causes and correlates of homicides by strangers. Systematic research has seldom examined, however, differences in the nature of intimate violence, particularly lethal violence, among intimate relationships that vary in the degree of intimacy and level of commitment. Such an examination is important, not only for understanding the phenomenon of intimate femicide, but also for explaining variations in the reactions to such acts. Using relationship state and relationship status to differentiate among various degrees of intimacy and commitment, we show that the characteristics of the people involved in intimate femicides as well as the circumstances surrounding the killing do differ by relationship type....

10 Things Law Enforcement Executives Can Do To Positively Impact Homicide Investigation Outcomes

February 13, 2019August 26, 2017 by admin

Homicides are challenging events for communities and they are often complex from an investigative standpoint. Although the crime may be clear-cut, the multifaceted issues surrounding it (public perception of safety and police effectiveness, witness cooperation, media and political pressures, etc.) can be daunting to a police agency and, in particular, the executive. Careers are often made or broken by a chief’s response to and management of homicides. One of the standard benchmarks of police effectiveness is the homicide closure rate, which is a critically important figure that demands attention at the highest level of law enforcement leadership. However, focusing on the homicide closure rate alone can offer a limited perspective on public safety and police performance overall. In this report, executives are encouraged to consider additional activities and measures to supplement the closure rate in evaluating and improving performance in a homicide unit. Further, this shift should be made with...

Multiple Murder And Criminal Careers: A Latent Class Analysis Of Multiple Homicide Offenders

February 18, 2019August 26, 2017 by admin

1. Introduction

Criminology abounds with typologies that seek to describe relatively homogeneous groupings of criminals. Admittedly, these classification systems face a difficult task because offenders tend to commit versatile forms of antisocial behavior that do not fit exclusively into discrete groups [1,2]. This issue is particularly pronounced in homicide studies, which often contain variably defined groups including serial killers, mass murderers, spree killers, lust murderers, murderesses, organized killers, disorganized killers, and the like. To illustrate, Hickey [3, p. 225] observed that, ‘‘depending on the authority one chooses to read, one will find between two and eleven different types of murderers. Some typologies of murder are descriptions of causation, whereas others are diagnostic in nature.’’ There are other potential limitations to typologies of homicide offenders. First, the typology is dependent on the researcher’s purpose in creating it—whether for academic publishing or applied...

Sleep Architecture In Homicidal Women With Antisocial Personality Disorder—a Preliminary Study

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to characterize sleep in severely violent women with antisocial personality disorder (ASP) as the primary diagnosis. Participants for this preliminary study were three drug-free female offenders ordered to undergo a forensic mental examination in a maximum security state mental hospital after committing homicide or attempted homicide. Ten healthy age- and gender-matched controls PSconsisted of hospital staff with no history of physical violence. The most striking finding was the increased amount of slow wave sleep, particularly the deepest sleep stage, S4, in women with ASP. This finding is in agreement with previously reported results in habitually violent male criminals with ASP. Severe female aggression seems to be associated with profound changes in sleep architecture. Whether this reflects specific brain pathology, or a delay in the normal development of sleep patterns in the course of aging, needs to be clarified. From the perspective of sleep research,...

Predictors of Interracial Homicide Victimization for Asian Americans: A Macrostructural Opportunity Perspective

December 18, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This paper uses Blau's macrostructural opportunity theory to explore patterns of interracial homicide victimization among Asian Americans. Data are drawn from the F.B.I.'s Supplementary Homicide Reports and aggregated for 131 SMSAs over the 1976-1984 period. Unlike previous research, two out-groups--white and black offenders--are considered to see if the same predictors behave similarly for the different out-groups. As expected, the descriptive data show that Asian Americans as a minority group have a greater conditional probability of being killed by out-group members than do whites and blacks. On the other hand, logistic regression analysis reveals that educational inequality and population size are significant predictors of the conditional probability of out-group victimization, while hypotheses concerning the effects of relative group size, income inequality, and residential segregation fail to be fully supported. We conclude with a discussion of possible reasons for the unexpected results and of important tasks for future research.

Studies On The Estimation Of The Postmortem Interval | Burned Bodies

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The authors have investigated 15 kinds of findings of 30 bodies burned at known times and autopsied in our laboratory. The conclusions are as follows: As the criteria for determining the time of death, external findings of cadavers burned lose value considerably, but internal findings, especially undigested food in the stomach remain as valuable as in ordinary circumstances. The usual criteria can be applied with the same degree of success to burned bodies, because appearances of findings caused by cadaveric phenomena show neither acceleration nor retardation in bodies burned so far as they are not severely destroyed.

The Dracula Killer: A Psychobiographical Illustration Of The Schahriar Syndrome Model For Serial Murder

December 17, 2018August 26, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This psychobiographical study of Richard Trenton Chase (1950–1980), a serial murderer, has the aim to uncover the psychic mechanisms characteristic of his functioning. The study included primary and secondary data sources. All materials collected and analysed, were published and publically available. The Schahriar syndrome model served as the conceptual framework for data framing and interpretation. Findings suggest that Chase exhibited five primitive psychic mechanisms namely: omnipotence, sadistic fantasies, ritualised performance, dehumanisation and symbiotic merger. The Schahriar syndrome model has utility to explain the psychological functioning of a serial murderer...