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Pornography: The Symbolic Politics Of Fantasy

February 17, 2019August 14, 2017 by admin

INTRODUCTION

This article examines symbolic politics of pornography in America. Public opinion polls and other data indicate that most Americans are as ambivalent about pornography as they are about most issues relating to sex, but an intense minority of 4 to 7 percent of the population sees pornography as a major problem facing the country-a more serious threat than economic problems, the environment, or even nuclear war. After examining the shape of contemporary public opinion, this article employs a very broad definition of pornography that would include most explicit materials intended to produce sexual arousal and discusses the traditional/conservative, libertarian, and various feminist approaches to pornography. Then the referential and condensation symbol aspects of the issue are discussed. Pornography is a very poor referential symbol because it means different things to different people and is probably synonymous with violent sexually explicit material for most Americans. Pornography is a...

Opiates In Litigation: Risk of Death and Addiction

February 17, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

I. Introduction

Opiates are primarily used for treatment of pain. Opiates join with opiate receptors in the body and provide analgesia. Morphine is considered the primary opiate and the other opiates are compared to Morphine for potency and pharmacokinetics. Opiate receptors are throughout the body and a primary site of opiate induced action occurs in the brain. Hardman & Limbird, Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 569-620 (10th ed 2001).

The primary opiates include morphine, methadone, hydrocodone and oxycodone. Opiates therapy may be administered in tablet form by mouth. This is usually the route of therapy for non- malignant pain. However, therapy can also be provided by patches, such as Duragesic patches which release the opiate fentanyl. Also, opiates can be administered intravenously in a hospital setting, usually for malignant pain. Additionally, opiates can be administered by an intrathecal pump directly into the spinal cord for outpatient treatment of spinal pain. Most of the cases ..

Foresight of Murder and Complicity in Unlawful Joint Enterprises Where Death Results

February 17, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

Abstract

In this article, the central or principal issue for consideration is the appropriate standard that should be adopted at common law for foresight of consequences at common law where death has arisen out of an unlawful joint enterprise and the complicity or otherwise of a secondary party is in issue. Although the discussion is focussed upon the common law, the same issues of principle and policy arise in relation to potential reforms of the ’common purpose’ rule under the Criminal Codes.

In this article, the central or principal issue for consideration is the appropriate standard that should be adopted at common law for foresight of consequences at common law where death has arisen out of an unlawful joint enterprise and the complicity or otherwise of a secondary party is in issue. Although the discussion is focussed upon the common law, the same issues of principle and policy arise in relation to potential reforms of the ’common purpose’ rule under the Criminal Codes...

The Need for Rational Boundaries in Civil Conspiracy Claims

February 14, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

I. INTRODUCTION

“The actuality or imminent probability of bankruptcy has increasingly come to dominate most mass tort, or at least mega-mass tort, litigation.” As a result, plaintiffs’ attorneys seeking to find substitute or supplemental “deep pockets” for their clients have focused their creative energies on pursuing secondary or peripheral sources of recovery in many mass tort cases. Civil conspiracy claims are an example.

“Recently, civil conspiracy has become a favored weapon of plaintiffs’ lawyers in mass tort product liability litigation involving asbestos, breast implants, tobacco, automotive tires and other products, as well as in toxic tort cases.” Civil conspiracy claims are often asserted by plaintiffs to allege the liability of peripheral defendants based on their associations with the party primarily responsible for the allegedly injurious product the manufacturer such as through membership in a relevant industry or trade association.

“The major significance of a conspiracy [claim] lies in the fact that it...

Personality, Context, And Resistance To Organizational Change

February 14, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

The term resistance to change is used frequently in the research and practitioner literature on organizational change, usually as an explanation for why efforts to introduce large-scale changes in technology, production methods, management practices, or compensation systems fall short of expectations, or fail altogether. Despite the popularity of the term, a number of works (e.g., Dent & Goldberg, 1999; Merron, 1993) suggested to abandon it in the claim that it misrepresents what really happens in the change dynamic. According to Dent and Goldberg (1999), organizational members resist negative consequences (e.g., losing one’s job) and not necessarily change in itself. Therefore, the belief that people resist change hinders organizations’ chances of understanding and dealing with real organizational problems. Similarly, Nord and Jermier (1994) argue that the term is often used as part of an agenda that may overshadow employees’ legitimate reasons for objecting to change. However, according to Nord and...

Recruitment and Comfort of BION Implanted Electrical Stimulation: Implications for FES Applications

February 14, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Restoration of motor function to paralyzed limbs by functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been hampered by the lack of precise and gradual control over muscle recruitment. A suitable interface should provide selective stimulation of individual muscles with graded recruitment of force. The BION was developed to enable neuromuscular stimulation through a miniature, self-contained implant designed to be injected in or near muscles and peripheral nerves. In this study, recruitment properties and comfort of the BION implanted electrical stimulation were systematically evaluated in subjects who participated in a clinical trial. Recruitment properties were qualitatively similar to other methods of implanted neuromuscular stimulation: thresholds and steepness of recruitment were negatively correlated and depended on stimulus charge (product of pulse current and duration). Perceived comfort was not affected by the choice of stimulus parameters, thus their choice can be based purely on technical considerations such as efficiency or resolution of recruitment...

Bleeding Time and Bleeding: An Analysis of the Relationship of the Bleeding Time Test With Parameters of Surgical Bleeding

February 13, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

The bleeding time is currently the only clinically available comprehensive test to explore primary hemostasis. It is currently performed mostly as a screening procedure before surgery, to detect otherwise unknown defects in plateletvessel wall interactions, but its use in this specific setting has been seriously questioned by recent reanalyses of previously published literature. We studied the relationship of the bleeding time from a standardized cutaneous incision with other parameters of bleeding derived from the analysis of the bleeding time curve and prospectively investigated possible correlations of these alternative parameters, as well as of the bleeding time, with a number of indices of actual bleeding during or after coronary bypass surgery. Four parameters (bleeding time, total bleeding, peak bleeding rate, and time to peak bleeding) were derived from the analysis of bleeding time curves measuring blood losses from a standardized cutaneous incision at 30-second intervals in 118 subjects. Parameters from the bleeding time curve were subsequently obtained in duplicate as a preoperative assessment...

The Buck Stops Where? Defining Controlling Person Liability

February 13, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

I. INTRODUCTION

From 1929 to 1933, the securities markets lost half of their value, a startling 20% of the workforce was unemployed, and productivity was 50% less than it had been in previous years. As the United States grappled with the Great Depression, it asked why such catastrophes had happened. It became apparent that the structural flaws of Wall Street—that is, its anemic self-regulation deserved a large part of the blame. Congress sought to implement legislation in the form of the Securities Act of 1933 and Exchange Act of 1934, which would prevent such a catastrophe from ever occurring again. These statutes established liability for those who commit securities fraud, and were designed to restore investor confidence in a badly shaken market. These Acts went even further, however, by creating liability for those who “control” the company behind the scenes. Section 15 of the 1933 Act and Section 20(a) of the 1934 Act established that the...

Damages for the Unwanted Child: Time for a Rethink?

February 18, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

If a healthy child born as a result of clinical negligence is a “blessing” which should not resound in child maintenance damages, can one create an exception for the birth of a disabled child? If so, should the law then permit a further exception for the disabled parent of a healthy child? And, even if the healthy child is not the proper subject-matter of damages, is this the same as saying that those who actively sought to avoid parenthood suffer no loss at all? Over the last six years, such questions have arisen in the English courts following the House of Lords ruling in McFarlane v Tayside Health Board1 in 1999 that parents of an unplanned but healthy child were no longer entitled to recover damages reflecting the costs of bits maintenance. That McFarlane did not straightforwardly apply to cases where either the child or the parent is disabled, not only led to the...

BURNETT v. ZIMMERMAN

December 20, 2018August 13, 2017 by admin

BACKGROUND

The parties to this litigation are homeowners who live in a common interest development (development) that is governed by the Woodlyn Lane Improvement Association (WLIA, HOA, or Association) in the City of Bradbury (city). The development has been described as an affluent gated community of about 37 single family residences on parcels of at least two acres.

The parties live on a private road (Woodlyn Lane or road) that is controlled and maintained by the Association. In 1964, gates were installed at both ends of Woodlyn Lane where the private road merges with the public streets. After the gates were installed, only the west gate was used for general access purposes.

In 2007, the Association2 considered replacing the east gate with a motorized gate that residents could open by remote control (proposal or project). However, a dispute arose between those residents who want to use the east gate for general access and those who do not...

State Liability Laws for Charitable Organizations and Volunteers

February 17, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

Liability Protection for Volunteers and Charitable Organizations: An Overview Good Samaritan Laws. Volunteer Protection. Volunteer Immunity. Liability Limitation. Shield Laws. Charitable Immunity. These terms, which have significant, as well as subtle distinctions, have been used to describe laws that protect people and organizations in the nonprofit sector from claims, lawsuits and allegations of wrongdoing. Although numerous researchers, legal authorities and other interested persons have written about these subjects during the past 20 years, a tremendous degree of confusion remains about whether volunteers and nonprofits can be sued and held liable for negligent acts. More specifically, managers and leaders of nonprofit organizations continue to wonder:

• Can we be sued? • Can we be held liable? • Are there laws that limit our liability because we are nonprofits or volunteers?

Each year the Nonprofit Risk Management Center receives countless calls from nonprofit managers describing actual or hypothetical situations in which the nonprofit is or could be embroiled.

The Gravity Guidance System

February 18, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

Former NFL 3 Roman Gabriel has flipped for them. William Shatner has gone head over heels for them too. They’re called Inversion Boots, and according to their creator, California physician Dr. Robert Martin, some 200,000 people around the world are now using them to help eliminate physical hang-ups ranging from pot bellies to chronic back pain.

Inversion Boots are part of what Martin calls his Gravity Guiding System, a jungle gym of chrome-plated steel bars, clamps and hooks plus an oscillation bed that rotates 180°. With ankles strapped into the thickly padded metal cuffs, subjects hook their boots onto a metal bar, lean back on the bed and, raising their arms, allow their bodies to fall backward toward the floor. Experienced users may disengage from the bed and hang freely.

Some people experience fear and discomfort at first. “My eyeballs felt like they were coming out,” reports a first-time dangler, who nevertheless tried it again. “

See Also: Robert Martin's Boots Were Made for Hanging and for Overturning Back Pain

Victim Personal Statements

February 18, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

About the VPS

The VPS gives victims an opportunity to tell the criminal justice agencies and the magistrate or the judge about the effect a crime has had on their lives. It also helps the criminal justice agencies to understand fully the impact that the crime has had on the victim so that they can make decisions about the case. The VPS is optional. No pressure should be put on victims to make one if they don’t want to. However, it’s important that the victim understands the benefits of making one

What is the VPS?

A VPS is a statement written in the victim’s own words. It is different to the witness statement, which is a written or video-recorded account of what happened to the victim. The VPS can be taken at the same time as the witness statement, but it can also be taken at a later stage.

It can be used to:...

The Embeddedness of Adolescent Employment and Participation in Delinquency: A Life Course Perspective

February 19, 2019August 12, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

Adolescent penetration into the labor market is a relatively new, and much understudied, phenomena. To date, limited empirical evidence suggests that the extensive employment of adolescents increases their offending. We bring together insights garnered from life-course criminology, which emphasizes the timing of transitional role changes; and economic sociology, which draws attention to the "social embeddedness" of development and decision-making. The objective is to test whether a youth's embeddedness within the labor market has deleterious consequences for the youth's behavior. Our results show that work embeddedness is positively related to delinquency, and that this effect is not accounted for by prior levels of delinquent involvement. These findings were replicated by use of a community sample. In total our findings suggest that being embedded in a work role as a teenager has general deleterious consequences for behavior.

INTRODUCTION

As Hirschi (1983) observed, it is virtually an article of faith among criminologists that unemployment causes and employment prevents...

Viewpoint Modeling and Model Based Media Generation for Systems Engineers

February 18, 2019August 12, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Models are at the heart of science and engineering. Model based approaches to software development and systems engineering use technologies to include graphical modeling languages such as the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) that support system design and analysis through machine readable models. This paper traces key historical contributions of software and systems engineers over the past five decades beginning withYourdon and Wymore to show a coherent concept of models and how they can be used for software and systems engineering. Recent model based systems engineering (MBSE) methodologies supported by commercially available modeling tools are also summarized. Relational Orientation is seen to be the underlying viewpoint that expresses and binds these approaches. Relational Orientation for Systems Engineering (ROSE) is then specified using a general systems methodology. Systems are seen to access each other’s models in ROSE much like classes in Object Orientation access each other’s objects. Object oriented frames...

See Also: A Brief History of Models and Model Based Systems Engineering and the Case for Relational Orientation (3393 downloads )

The Importance of Careful Interpretation of Shell Casing Ejection Patterns

February 18, 2019August 12, 2017 by admin

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted to gain information about shell casing ejection patterns. The research project showed that shell casing ejection patterns are dependent on a number of variables: type of firearm, stance, hand and weapon position (grip), and movement.

Background

A review of the literature indicated some disparity in the opinions of crime scene investigators concerning the position of casings related to shooting incidents. Ogle notes that the "location of fired cartridge cases may be valuable in a reconstruction attempt of the shooting incident. The location(s) of the shooter(s) may be determined by the analysis of the locations of the fired cases" [1]. Gardner writes that firearms examiners conduct, on occasion, ejection studies with the purpose of determining the distance and direction that a casing will eject when the weapon is held in any given orientation. He continues by noting that ejection studies have limited value, because casings will roll when...