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Violent Crime Scene Analysis Modus Operandi, Signature, and Staging

December 22, 2018August 10, 2017 by admin

Most crime scenes tell a story. And like most stories, crime scenes have characters, a plot, a beginning, a middle, and hopefully, a conclusion. However, in contrast to authors who lead their readers to a predetermined ending, the final disposition of a crime scene depends on the investigators assigned to the case. The investigators' abilities to analyze the crime scene and to determine the who, what, how, and why govern how the crime scene story unfolds. To ensure a satisfactory ending, that is, the apprehension and prosecution of the violent crime offender, investigators must realize that the outcome depends on their insight into the dynamics of human behavior. Speech patterns, writing styles, verbal and nonverbal gestures, and other traits and patterns give shape to human behavior. These individual characteristics work in concert to cause each person to act, react, function, or perform in a unique and specific way. This individualistic behavior usually remains consistent, regardless of the

Staged Crime Scenes: Crime Scene Clues to Suspect Misdirection of the Investigation

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

In the course of their career, most detectives and forensic practitioners will come into contact with a staged crime scene; a scene altered by the offender to either mislead a police investigation or for other reasons understood only by the offender. Staged scenes are possible in nearly every type of criminal offense ranging from property crimes to violent crimes. To better understand the dynamics and general nature of “staging” this article introduces three new categories of staged crime scenes based on the motive of the offender’s scene alteration. The benefit of understanding these categories is to recognize that the offender’s staging actions can be identified through common findings that are often found when crime scenes are altered.

Introduction

After the preliminary screening of a cold case has been completed and a decision is made to reopen the investigation, one of the first steps is to sit down and read the file; paying particular attention to the autopsy and forensic analysis reports,

The Impact of Sponsorship Awareness in Low Involvement Settings

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of corporate sponsorship (USD $44 billion worldwide), has led to the emergence of ‘sponsorship clutter.’ As a large proportion of companies that are involved with sponsorship have a primary objective of increasing brand awareness, it has become increasingly important to determine how awareness influences consumer responses to sponsorship. However, despite a breadth of understanding surrounding sponsorship and how it impacts consumer behavior, few studies have considered sponsorship from a packaging perspective; particularly in low involvement settings. Using structural equation modeling, this research empirically investigated the relationship between awareness of sponsorship arrangements and consumer response to sponsorship packaging. Results indicate that while leveraging sponsorship on grocery packaging positively impacts consumer responses toward the brand, prior awareness appears to have little impact on this response. Further, awareness of the sponsorship arrangement moderates the relationship between the perceived fit of the arrangement and a consumer’s response to the sponsorship packaging. That is, for

Familicide: Risk Factors Characteristics of the Offender Characteristics of the Crime of Familicide and the Prevalence of Suicide Following Familicide

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This study will be examining the risk factors to familicide, the characteristics of the offenders of familicide, the characteristics of the crime, and the prevalence of suicide following familicide. Of the literature reviewed it has been found that there are risk factors to familicide, there are known characteristics of the crime of familicide, and suicide is prevalent following familicide (Wilson et at., 1995; Brewer & Paulsen, 1999; Harper &Voigt, 2007). Findings are expected to suggest that there will be a higher poportion of cases in which the offender felt as though they were under immense stress due to the stresses and expectations of society, there will be a higher proportion of male offenders that commit suicide following familicide, that a larger proportion of familicide cases occurred in homes in which stepchildren did reside, and that indicate pre-existing drug and alcohol use is prevalent in the offenders of familicide. Familicide: Risk Factors, Characteristics of the Offender, Characteristics of the Crime of Familicide,

The Worth Of Sport Event Sponsorship: An Event Study

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

The authors investigate the relationship between sports-related event sponsorship and stock market valuation and identify factors that influence the financial rewards of sponsorship using World Cup and PGA tour sponsorship data. In particular, relationship between sports sponsorship with financial performance is examined in terms of sponsorship fit, event characteristics, and brand equity. Event study results show that sponsorship for World Cup and PGA is positively related to abnormal stock returns for sponsors but not every sponsor enjoys significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns. Regression analysis indicates that unexpectedly brand equity and U.S. country of origin is negatively associated with financial performance. However, U.S. sponsors with top brand value boost their abnormal stock return. Product fit enhances short-term financial performance but the significant impact of event type on financial outcome was not observed.

Introduction

Many companies make investment to sponsor the big sports events such as Olympic, World Cup and popular sports games. Although being official sponsor requires a huge amount of financial resource

Forensic Aspects of Ballistic Injury

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

The Clinician’s Role

Clinical forensic medicine is best defined as the application of forensic medical knowledge and techniques to the solution of law in the investigation of trauma involving living victims.1–5 In the setting of emergency departments, these techniques include the correct forensic evaluation, documentation, and photography of traumatic injuries, as well as the recognition and proper handling of evidentiary material for future use in legal proceedings.1–8 While the tasks of documenting, gathering, and preserving evidence traditionally have been considered to be the responsibility of the forensic pathologist or the police, the roles of the trauma physician and forensic investigators actually have several areas of complementary interest. These arise from the dual purposes of providing immediate care for the individual victim or patient and the longer-term reduction and prevention of injury and violence in the community as a whole.6,9 Appropriate documentation and handling of evidence by trauma personnel assist the forensic pathologist in evaluating cases of initially nonfatal traumatic deaths and assist the police

Eliminating Potential Competition: Mergers Involving Constraining And Prospective Competitors

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

I. Introduction

The importance of potential competition as a constraint on market power has been recognized in the industrial organization literature at least since work by Bain. Subsequent economic theory has formalized the relationship between firms not currently producing in an industry and market performance, and considerable empirical evidence confirms the role of such firms. Indeed, current U.S. merger policy has elevated entry conditions to co-equal status with concentration among incumbent firms as factors determining competitive effects and likely policy: A merger or acquisition between firms in a concentrated market may well be permitted if the prospects for entry into the industry can be shown to be timely, likely, and sufficient to restore the pre-merger degree of competition. In light of this heightened recognition of the effect of potential competitors, it is ironic that under current policy a merger between an incumbent firm and the same potential competitor that imposes such a constraint is

The State Of South Carolina Office Of The Attorney General

February 13, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Dear Coroner Watts:

You seek an opinion regarding a new statute recently enacted, S. C. Code Ann. Sec. 17-5-53 5. This new law makes autopsy photographs or videos confidential and provides criminal penalties for violation thereof. Both you, as well as the Coroners' Association, "agree with keeping videos and photographs out of the hands of the general public." However, you also are of the opinion that "photographs and/or videos are an intricate part of our continuing education and are often used in training sessions and seminars." You request "a written ... opinion that clears us to use photographs and/or videos in appropriate training circumstances."

A Rhetorical Journey into Darkness: Crime-Scene Profiling as Burkean Analysis

February 14, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract:

This essay focuses upon dramatistic nature of crime scene profiling, the technique used to infer the motivations that underlie a baffling but increasingly familiar human act: the “stranger killing.” It argues that this technique of interpreting the symbolic “text” of the crime scene is essentially a rhetorical method that employs with different names the elements and ratios of Kenneth Burke’s dramatistic pentad. My study, like other broad applications of Burkean principles, both validates Burke’s observation of the ubiquity of the two principal dramatistic ratios (act-scene and scene-agent) and affirms the symbolic infusion of all human action, including acts of identification through extreme mortification.

THE MAJOR FEATURE OF ANY STORY of unprovoked violent crime is the baffling question of why such acts occur. Because they are typically random, and because they appear to be without motive as it is commonly understood, these crimes compel our attention even as they terrify and confound us. “Who done...

Interpretations Of Legal Criteria For Involuntary Psychiatric Admission: A Qualitative Analysis

February 18, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Background: The use of involuntary admission in psychiatry may be necessary to enable treatment and prevent harm, yet remains controversial. Mental health laws in high-income countries typically permit coercive treatment of persons with mental disorders to restore health or prevent future harm. Criteria intended to regulate practice leave scope for discretion. The values and beliefs of staff may become a determinating factor for decisions. Previous research has only to a limited degree addressed how legal criteria for involuntary psychiatric admission are interpreted by clinical decision-makers. We examined clinicians’ interpretations of criteria for involuntary admission under the Norwegian Mental Health Care Act. This act applies a status approach, whereby involuntary admission can be used at the presence of mental disorder and need for treatment or perceived risk to the patient or others. Further, best interest assessments carry a large justificatory burden and open for a range of extra-legislative factors to be considered.

Methods: Deductive thematic analysis was used. Three ideal types of attitudes-to-coercion were developed,

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: A Guide for Judges

December 22, 2018August 10, 2017 by admin

I. Introduction

This guide provides an overview of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA).1 It is intended as a practical introduction for those who have little knowledge of or experience with the statute as interpreted and applied in U.S. courts. The focus is on the basic legal issues faced by U.S. courts in cases arising under the statute.

Following this brief Introduction, the guide discusses the statute’s purpose and scope of application. It reviews the jurisdictional, procedural, and evidentiary questions most likely to arise at the outset of litigation, and it discusses the entities entitled to immunity (in particular the distinctions between a “foreign state,” its “political subdivisions,” and its “agencies and instrumentalities”). It then provides an introductory description of the specific exceptions to immunity as well as the statutory regime applicable to execution of judgments and attachment of assets. The Addendum in Part VII discusses the terrorism exception, which was recently revised by Congress.

The FSIA governs all litigation in both state and federal courts

ABCs of Head CT Interpretation in the Emergency Department: CT Interpretation Workshop Guide

February 15, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

I. Course Description: This session will provide medical students with a skill set to improve their ability to interpret Head CTs. To start the session, the physics of CT scanning will be briefly reviewed. We will move quickly into a review of normal neuroanatomy and CT appearance, followed by a detailed review of the role of Head CT in the management of various neurological emergencies. The diagnoses covered will include traumatic injuries, such as epidural and subdural hematoma, skull fracture, and contusion, and non-traumatic conditions such as stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus. Tools to avoid errors of interpretation will be discussed.

II. Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:

1. Discuss the physics that apply to CT scanning, including Hounsfield numbers, windows, and frequent sources of scan artifact such as volume averaging.

2. Describe the CT appearance of normal brain anatomy.

3. Be able to identify the pathologic conditions found on cranial CT commonly encountered in the Emergency Department.

Flavored Alcoholic Beverages and the Youth Market: Are State Laws Being Violated?

February 15, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Background

Flavored Alcoholic Beverages (FABs) (also called alcopops, Ready-To-Drink beverages, or Flavored Malt Beverages) denote a relatively new category in the alcohol market. Developed and distributed mostly by distillers, they are often produced through licensing arrangements with brewers. Many FABs carry distilled spirits’ brand names (e.g., Smirnoff Ice, Bacardi Silver, and Skyy Blue). FABs are produced as follows: a liquid is derived from malt and it is filtered to remove most or all taste, odor, and alcohol. “Flavoring” is then added to the liquid, which includes distilled alcohol. Although the beverages contain distilled alcohol (in some cases with most or all brewed alcohol removed) the alcohol industry distributes these products as malt beverages. This classification has three main advantages for distillers that make it easier for them to market alcohol products to underage drinkers. Beer is: (1) advertised on electronic media; (2) taxed at substantially lower tax rates; and (3) available in a greater number of retail locations, particularly those likely to be frequented by underage drinkers.

The Anatomy of Disgust in Criminal Law

February 15, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Judgments of and about disgust play a critical role in criminal law. Certain homicides, including homophobic ones, may be graded more severely or less because they are motivated by disgust; certain forms of punishment, including shaming penalties, express public disgust with criminals; and certain sentencing regimes, including those that use the "outrageously or wantonly vile" standard, treat an offender's own appetite for disgust as a ground for capital punishment. Yet disgust has received almost no systematic attention from criminal law theorists. This essay seeks to remedy this inattention by drawing on William Miller's The Anatomy of Disgust (1997). Miller depicts disgust not as an unthinking or instinctive aversion, but rather as a cognitive evaluation that is constructed by, and that reinforces, hierarchic social norms. The centrality of such norms to moral perception explains the ubiquity of disgust judgments in criminal law; dissensus over the content of such norms accounts for the political controversy that disgust

Legal Rights of Persons’ with Disabilities

February 15, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

California and Federal Law

This handbook discusses both California and federal laws that protect the rights of individuals with disabilities. California and federal law should be examined together to get a complete picture of the law on a particular topic. In some areas California law provides more legal protection or is more comprehensive; in other areas, federal law is more helpful.

Statutes, Regulations, and Cases

"The law" usually consists of a combination of statutes, regulations, and cases. Statutes are laws passed by legislators either in the state Capitol or in Congress. Statutes are generally fairly short and often do not describe the details of how the law will be enforced or what specifically will constitute a violation of law.

Various government agencies are often charged with developing regulations to carry out the mandates of statutes. These regulations usually describe the "nuts and bolts" of a statute's administration.

Finally, when cases go to court, judges issue opinions which resolve disputes in interpreting statutes and regulations.