Blog - Page 3 of 100 - searchfortruth.info

A Profile of Missing Persons: Some Key Findings for Police Officers

March 5, 2019September 4, 2017 by admin

2.1 Introduction

The most publicised reminders of inaccurate risk classification by police officers dealing with missing person’s reports come from cases where the missing person was presumed to have runaway but was later found to have met with foul play. Fortunately, such occurrences are extremely rare. Despite this, there is still enormous pressure on the officer taking the initial missing persons report to ask the right questions, assess possible risk factors, make a judgement about what may have happened to the missing person and then allocate appropriate resources—all within a timely manner. For all police officers, and for every missing person report made, the task is complex (see Fyfe, Stevenson & Woolnough, 2014 for more on this). No research has been conducted in the area of misclassifications of risk when a new missing person report is received, so the true numbers remain unknown....

Police-Induced Confessions: Risk Factors and Recommendations

March 5, 2019August 6, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Recent DNA exonerations have helped shed light on the problem of false confessions and the empirical fact that innocent people sometimes confess to crimes they did not commit. Drawing on past and current police practices, laws concerning the admissibility of confession evidence in court, relevant core principles of psychology, and forensic studies involving an array of empirical methodologies, this White Paper summarizes much of what we know about police-induced confessions. AS part of this review, we identify dispositional suspect characteristics (e.g., adolescence; intellectual disability; mental illness, and certain personality traits), interrogation tactics (e.g., excessive interrogation time; presentations of false evidence; minimization), and the phenomenology of innocence (e.g., the tendency to waive Miranda rights) that can influence the reliability of confessions, as well as their effects on judges, juries, and other decision makers. This article concludes with a strong recommendation for the mandatory videotaping of interrogations and considers other possibilities...

Grounding and the Use of the Signal Reference Grid in Data Centers

February 26, 2019August 15, 2017 by admin

The signal reference grid (SRG) is a network of copper wires typically installed below a raised floor in a data center as shown in Figure 1. An SRG can also be constructed of flat copper straps, aluminum wires, raised flooring substructure, or in extreme cases, a solid covering of sheet metal. The installation of signal reference grids has been common practice for over 30 years. Most data center designs call out for SRGs and their use and expense are not questioned.

Recently, more and more data centers are being constructed on existing hard-floor environments where SRGs cannot be installed under the floor. The evidence suggests that the lack of SRGs in such installations has given rise to no adverse effects on the operation of the IT equipment. Naturally this leads to the question of why systems can work reliably without an SRG and whether the SRG is ever a necessary or logical...

Forensic Toxicology: Detection Of Homicidal Poisonings

February 22, 2019July 28, 2017 by admin

Those at highest risk for being victims of poisoning are the terminally ill and mentally incapacitated, drug addicts, the elderly, and the very young. Unwanted spouses or lovers compose another high-risk group. The offender is usually personally involved with the victim and is often a caregiver. Poisoners often assume the role of attempting to "nurse" the victim back to health. Poisoners often derive pleasure from seeing their victims suffer, and serial poisoners usually enjoy the thrill of having power over the life and suffering of the victim. Perpetrators of homicidal poisonings are often employed in the medical or caregiving fields. Substances that can be lethal in small amounts appeal most to perpetrators. The ideal poison for a homicide is odorless, tasteless, difficult to detect, and a bearer of symptoms similar to naturally occurring diseases. It has become increasingly difficult to find a poison with all of these features, since modern....

Additional Resource: Just a Pinch of Cyanide: The Basics of Homicidal Poisoning Investigations

Homicidal Sex Offenders: Psychological, Phallometric, And Diagnostic Features.

February 22, 2019August 23, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Homicidal sex offenders represent an understudied population in the forensic literature. Forty-eight homicidal sex offenders assessed between 1982 and 1992 were studied in relation to a comparison group of incest offenders. Historical features, commonly used psychological inventories, criminal histories, phallometric assessments, and DSM diagnoses were collected on each group. The homicidal sex offenders, compared with the incest offenders, self-reported that they had more frequently been removed from their homes during childhood and had more violence and forensic psychiatric contact in their histories. On the self-report psychological inventories, the homicidal sex offenders portrayed themselves as functioning significantly better in the areas of sexuality (Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory) and aggression/hostility (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory). However, on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), researchers rated the homiciders significantly more psychopathic than the incest offenders on Factor 1 (personality traits) and Factor 2 (antisocial history). Police records revealed the homicidal subjects also had been...

The Police Service Contract in California

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

There have been a variety of proposals to solve the presently divisive pattern of metropolitan and regional law enforcement.' Of these proposals, the police service contract offers the most feasible and practical solution. By. this device smaller police jurisdictions contract formally with a larger police agency for the provision of law enforcement services. No claim is made here that this type of voluntary governmental arrangement offers the ideal solution. This arrangement does offer, however, an alternative to the presently confused pattern of police organization: an alternative which is both simple in application, economically feasible, and frequently politically practical. Furthermore, this approach if properly structured-recognizes the principle of self-determination and leaves to the smaller jurisdiction a large degree of discretionary power. Basically, proposals for the reorganization of metropolitan police efforts have included the following objectives:. Simplification of metropolitan law enforcement patterns. enlargement of police administraitive areas; and 3. integration and coordination of police efforts throughout the

Sabotage, Stalking & Stealth Exemptions: Special State Laws For Labor Unions

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

Introduction

For more than a century, labor law in the United States has been the source of numerous and often passionate debates about the role of unions in the workforce. Over the years, this has resulted in several significant changes in federal policy. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, the Taft-Hartley act of 1947, and the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 represent significant federal legislation that has shaped the landscape for interactions among workers, employers, and unions. While the federal government plays the leading role in the relationships among the three aforementioned groups, state governments also have the power to establish certain ground rules. This is particularly true for public employees, but state governments can also set labor policies in the private sector as long as they do not interfere with the scheme established by federal laws and regulations. One of the most obvious examples is the...

Respect for Picket Lines

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

INTRODUCTION

A great deal has been written about the notorious reluctance of workers to cross picket lines' and the fact that such a refusal is traditional in the American labor movement.3 There is, however, a relatively small number of judicial and administrative decisions delineating the rights of employees upon refusing to cross a picket line.4 The question of an employee's rights upon refusing to cross a picket line turns on the type of picket line involved.5 Where an employee refuses to cross a legal picket line around his own employer's installation, there is little dispute that he is engaging in activity protected by section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act,' whether or not he is a member of the picketing union or the bargaining unit it represents. The more difficult question arises where an employee, while performing his assigned duties, refuses to cross a legal picket line at an installation of another employer. Employee rights in this situation is the topic of this note....

Shame and Humiliation: From Isolation to Relational Transformation

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This paper is a discussion of shame and humiliation that goes beyond individualistic perspectives, offering a broader, relational analysis of these profound and complex experiences. In addition to defining and examining the harmful consequences of various forms of derision and degradation, the authors explore clinical encounters with shame and humiliation, present a case, and describe relational practices that can transform shame and humiliation into opportunities for growth and greater connection.

A Relational Conceptualization of Shame and Humiliation Linda Hartling, Ph.D.

While most of us can think of at least one occasion in which we felt shamed or humiliated, in many instances these types of experiences are difficult to identify, difficult to acknowledge, and difficult to express. To recount experiences of shame or humiliation, we risk revisiting painful images of being devalued, disempowered, or disgraced, perhaps triggering or reinforcing further feelings of shame. Yet, below...

Escalation Of Loyalty And The Decreasing Impact Of Perceived Value And Satisfaction Over Time

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the shifting role of perceived value and satisfaction in the formation of loyalty over the duration of a relationship life cycle. Drawing on a sample of online shoppers in Taiwan, the results show that the association between loyalty intention and shopping experiences conforms to an S-shaped growth curve. Customers’ intentions to stay with a website appear to be influenced by the perceived value and satisfaction formed during the most recent transaction; however, the strength of action inertia gradually declines after the maturity stage. The sample was classified into three segments (i.e., relationship driven and variety seeker; relationship neutral and value seeker; relationship averse and satisfaction seeker), which show distinct behaviors in terms of preferences, relationship status, sex, switching, and e-WOM inclination. Satisfaction is the most powerful driver of loyalty for the first shopping experience. Above and beyond satisfaction, perceived value has a strong impact on motivating new ...

Incentive Schemes, Sorting and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

Abstract

We investigate how the convexity of a firm‟s incentives interacts with worker overconfidence to affect sorting decisions and performance. We demonstrate experimentally that overconfident employees are more likely to sort into a non-linear incentive scheme over a linear one, even though this reduces pay for many subjects and despite the presence of clear feedback. Additionally, the linear scheme attracts demotivated, underconfident workers who perform below their ability. Our findings suggest that firms may design incentive schemes that adapt to the behavioral biases of employees to “sort in” (“sort away”) attractive (unattractive) employees; such schemes may also reduce a firm‟s wage bill.

Introduction

As economists‟ understanding of behavioral biases exhibited by individuals has deepened, an emerging literature has investigated how firms can best adapt their pricing, incentive and contract offerings in light of these biases. Several papers have studied how consumer biases affect the optimal pricing...

Dehumanization: An Integrative Review

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

The denial of full humanness to others, and the cruelty and suffering that accompany it, is an all too familiar phenomenon. However, the concept of dehumanization has rarely received systematic theoretical treatment. In social psychology, it has attracted only scattered attention. In this article, I review the many domains in which dehumanization appears in recent scholarship and present the main theoretical perspectives that have been developed. I argue that a theoretically adequate concept of dehumanization requires a clear understanding of “humanness” the quality that is denied to others when they are dehumanized and that most theoretical approaches have failed to specify one. Two distinct senses of humanness are proposed, and empirical research establishing that they are different in composition, correlates, and conceptual bases is presented. I introduce a new theoretical model, in which two forms of dehumanization corresponding to the denial of the two forms of humanness are proposed, and I discuss their distinct psychological foundations. The new model...

Intervention & Union Work

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

Introduction

The contents of this handbook are based on positions adopted at NEC Sessions and National Conventions since 1977. It has been prepared to make the sense of those positions more readily available for the guidance of members who engage in intervention and union activities on behalf of the SLP. Since the guidelines that follow embody the principles as well as the strategy and tactics of the SLP in the fields of intervention and union work, they are binding on all Party members who engage in such activities. It is, therefore, the obligation of members to familiarize themselves with these guidelines before becoming involved in either area, and to be guided by them in all instances where they are applicable. Also, before becoming involved members should consult with and seek the approval of their sections, if they belong to one; or of the NEC, if members-at-large. Thereafter, regular reports should be made by the involved member...

Application For 72-hour Detention For Evaluation And Treatment

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

DEFINITIONS

GRAVELY DISABLED

“Gravely Disabled” means a condition in which a person, as a result of a mental disorder, is unable to provided for his or her basic personal needs for food, clothing and shelter. SECTION 5008 (h) W & I CODE “Gravely Disabled Minor” means a minor who, as a result of a mental disorder, is unable to use the elements of life which are essential to health, safety, and development, including food, clothing, and shelter, even though provided to the minor by others.

SECTION 5585.25 W & I CODE Mental retardation, epilepsy, or other developmental disabilities, alcoholism, other drug abuse, or repeated antisocial behavior do not by themselves, constitute a mental disorder.

PEACE OFFICER “Peace Officer” means a duly sworn peace officer as that term is defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code who has completed...

The ABCX Formula and the Double ABCX Model

February 22, 2019December 28, 2017 by admin

The ABCX Formula Besides the Truncated Roller Coaster Profile of Adjustment, Reuben Hill (1949, 1958), based on prior research conducted by himself and others (Angell, 1936; Cavan & Ranck, 1938), developed the ABCX Formula, better known as the ABCX Model, to explain “the crisis-proneness and freedom from crisis among families” (Hill, 1958, p. 143). Although Hill referred to the components of the ABCX Formula in his 1949 work, he did not label the components as A, B, C, and X until 1958. The ABCX Formula is the basis of most family stress models, leading Hill to be called the father of family stress theory (Boss, 2002). The ABCX Formula focuses primarily on precrisis variables of families: A (the crisis-precipitating event/stressor) interacting with B(the family’s crisis-meeting resources) interacting with C (the definition the family makes of the event) produces X (the crisis).

A. The Crisis-Precipitating Event/Stressor Hill (1958) used the terms crisis-precipitating event and stressor...

Public Opinions of the Police: The Influence of Friends, Family, and News Media

February 22, 2019December 30, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Police executives today broadly agree that public support is important both for the legitimacy of the police and the ability of the police to fight crime effectively. While research shows people generally support the police and are satisfied with the way police perform their duties, it also demonstrates that not all segments of society hold equally positive opinions. Yet the determinants of public support are not fully understood. Although research has focused on the influence of personal contacts between the police and civilians or on neighborhood context, other influences remain unexplored. This research asks:

• Does police treatment of citizens impact broader public opinion of the police, as citizens impart these experiences to family, friends, and neighbors? • Is the media’s portrayal of the police an important determinant of public opinion of the police?

We addressed these questions by drawing on monthly “consumer satisfaction” surveys of people