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Public Conceptions of Mental Illness in 1950 and 1996: What Is Mental Illness and Is It to be Feared?

February 21, 2019October 20, 2017 by admin

In the 1950s, the public defined mental illness in much narrower and more extreme terms than did psychiatry, and fearful and rejecting attitudes toward people with mental illnesses were common. Several indicators suggest that definitions of mental illness may have broadened and that rejection and negative stereotypes may have decreased since that time. Howevev, lack of comparable data over time prevents us from drawing firm conclusions on these questions. To address this problem, the Mental Health Module of the 1996 General Social Survey repeated a question regarding the meaning of mental illness that was first asked of a nationally representative sample in 1950. A comparison of 1950 and 1996 results shows that conceptions of mental illness have broadened somewhat over this time period to include a greaterproportion of non-psychotic disorders, but that perceptions that mentally ill people are violent or frightening substantially increased, rather than decreased...

Parricide: An Analysis of Offender Characteristics and Crime Scene Behaviorsof Adult and Juvenile Offenders

February 21, 2019October 5, 2017 by admin

Researchers of parricide have often concentrated on the characteristics of the offenders. However, research which has empirically documented the link between offender’s characteristics and crime scene evidence is scant. Therefore, the aim of this study is to attempt not only to explore the crime scene behaviors evident in parricide offenses, but also to determine whether there are any differences between juvenile and adult offenders in both personal and crime scene characteristics. Twenty-four cases of parricide offenses, obtained from the FBI Behavioral Science Unit case files, were analyzed using frequency and chi-square. The results revealed, contrary to literature, that mental illness and abuse were not significantly different for both groups. Regarding crime scene variables, differences between the two groups were found on a number of victims and movement of the victim’s body after death. Other interesting findings include initial approach to victim and overkill. These findings provide investigative ...

Effects of Arousal on Attraction: Physical Characteristics and Trait Information

February 21, 2019October 24, 2017 by admin

Abstract

This study is designed to investigate the effects of physiological arousal on attraction when faces are accompanied by mitigating information. 54 participants were asked to report their level of attraction to photographs of faces that were accompanied by positive or negative traits. We manipulated the level of arousal of those in the experimental groups with electric shock and exercise, while those in the control group received no shock or exercise. We expected participants who were aroused to report being more attracted to the attractive faces, and less attracted to unattractive faces than participants who were not aroused. We also expected participants who were aroused to neglect trait information more than participants who were not aroused. The misattribution effect, in which subjects are more attracted to attractive faces when aroused than when not aroused, has been widely researched. While many studies support the theory of...

Opioid Overdose Prevention for Law Enforcement and First Responders

February 21, 2019October 10, 2017 by admin

What is naloxone?
Naloxone is a medication designed to rapidly reverse opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist meaning that it binds to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the effects of other opioids. It can very quickly restore normal respiration to a person whose breathing has slowed or stopped as a result of overdosing with heroin or prescription opioid pain medications.

How is naloxone given?
There are three FDA-approved formulations of naloxone:

Injectable (professional training required)
Generic brands of injectable naloxone vials are offered by a variety of companies that are listed in the FDA Orange Book under "naloxone" (look for "injectable").

Note: There has been widespread use of improvised emergency kits that combine an injectable formulation of naloxone with an atomizer that can deliver naloxone intranasally. Use of this product requires the user to be trained on proper assembly a...

See Also: Opioid Overdose Reversal with Naloxone (Narcan, Evzio)

Nicholas v. Jacobson, 113 Cal.App. 382 (1931) Negative Treatment

February 21, 2019October 6, 2017 by admin

Opinion

NOURSE, P.J

.Plaintiff sued for damages for alleged malpractice. At the close of plaintiff's case the trial court granted defendant's motion for non suit. The plaintiff has appealed on a bill of exceptions.

This is the third trial of this cause. The first resulted in a verdict for plaintiff, which was reversed by the Supreme Court on the grounds of insufficient evidence. Nicholasv. Jacobson, 205 Cal. 577, 271 P. 1057. The second trial terminated through the disagreement of the jury.

Plaintiff consulted Dr. L.P. Gilbert for medical attention to a condition resulting from varicose veins. He had previously been operated on by Dr. Ottinger for the same condition, but insisted that the operation had been unskillfully performed and had demanded money damages from Dr. Vecki, under whose direction the Ottinger operation had been performed. Dr. Gilbert took plaintiff to Dr. Jacobson, the defendant, who examined plaintiff and advised an operation. Some few months later plaintiff returned to defendant, submitted to a further examination, ...

Complementary & Alternative Medicine for Mental Health

February 21, 2019October 20, 2017 by admin

This outline is a comparative research-based approach to that question. While some activities, like exercise, are good for everyone who is physically able to do them and have no uncontrollable side effects, most decisions about CAM treatment options, and especially the decisions faced by people coping with serious mental health conditions, involve trade-offs. Nonetheless, 40% or more of Americans treat themselves with CAM without professional supervision, often without disclosing it to their psychiatrist or primary care provider. Moreover, many patients who use CAM remedies also take prescription antidepressants, risking potentially dangerous adverse herb/drug interactions. While most natural psychotropics are generally safe, they are not risk free, and the common public misconception that natural products are inherently safe has been refuted by predictions and reports of toxic reactions from these agents, which may be due to intrinsic toxicity, ,, or interaction with other herbs or drugs...

Mental Health Outcomes Measuring for Quality and Accountability

February 21, 2019October 20, 2017 by admin

With accountability pressures and growing concerns about quality of services, managers, practitioners, and system planners need resources to measure the outcomes of the services they provide and should be aware of the best efforts to measure client outcomes and services effectiveness. This newsletter provides resources for program administrators, managers, policy makers, and others about the implementation and use of outcome measurement. The drive toward accountability that is occurring in the mental health field is explored, as are other reasons for measuring client outcomes. Outcome measures and instruments developed as part of multi-site studies sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) are described inside; and can serve as a valuable resource in planning an evaluation or quality assurance initiative. Also included is a set of considerations when planning and conducting a program outcome evaluation....

Psychosis (Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder) And Substance Use

February 21, 2019October 11, 2017 by admin

7 Psychosis (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) and substance use

7.1 Psychosis

Psychosis is characterised by a loss of connectedness with reality. A person may develop false ideas or beliefs about reality (delusions) which in themselves may be based on false perceptions (hallucinations). People experiencing psychosis also have characteristic flaws in the ways they think. These are termed ‘thought disorders’. Examples are tangential thinking, loose associations between ideas, and incoherence. Psychosis significantly impairs work, family and social functioning. People with psychoses often experience poorer physical health. The worse the psychotic symptoms are, the higher the associated level nof impairment(251). Psychotic symptoms can occur in response to physical conditions, e.g. acute delirium with septicaemia. Alternatively, psychoses can be functional. There are two broad classes of functional psychotic disorders: schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Generally, schizophrenia is a chronic condition with exacerbations, but always with some background symptoms. Bipolar disorder is ...

Lobotomy | Catholic Physicians’ Guild July 1948

February 21, 2019October 9, 2017 by admin

LOBOTOMY

Question: Is prefrontal lobotomy morally permissible in the treatment of mental disorders? Principle The principle to be applied in answering the question is this: Any procedure harmful to the patient is morally justifiable only in so far as it is designed to produce a proportionate good. As long as we remain in the sphere of theory this principle is easily explained and easily understood. It simply means that to pass judgment on the morality of any mutilation one must compare the harm that might be done with the benefit to be expected. If the hope of benefit is commensurate with the danger of harm, the procedure is morally justifiable; otherwise it is not. But when we pass from theory,to the judging of a particular procedure for a particular patient, we are often confronted with many difficulties. To make a fair comparison of harm...

Lobotomy: Surgery For The Insane, 1 Stan. L. Rev. 463

February 21, 2019October 6, 2017 by admin

A comparatively new technique—prefrontal lobotomy—is now being employed in the treatment of people who are mentally ill. By partially severing the two frontal lobes of the brain from their connection with another part of the brain,spectacular results have been achieved with persons suffering from advanced stages of disabling psychoses. While many such patients have been returned to society or partially relieved of their more distressing symptoms, unfortunate use of these prefrontal lobotomies can so disintegrate a patient's personality as to leave a mere “human vegetable.” The thought-provoking aspect is that the operation is still experimental in theory and technique, and the experimentation must be done on human beings. Thus, a suggestion for some sort of legislation regulating lobotomies comes as no surprise.

This note will consider the feasibility of legislative control over the application of lobotomies to mental cases. Attention will be directed not only to the desirability of limiting use of lobotomies,...

K.G., an Incompetent Person, etc., et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. Larry MEREDITH, as Public Guardian, etc., Defendant and Respondent.

February 21, 2019October 5, 2017 by admin

Mental Health

Involuntary treatment or medication

County public guardian's practice of routinely imposing temporary conservatorships including Lanterman–Petris–Short (LPS) Act medical treatment decisional disabilities ex parte violated due process, even though guardian gave notice to conservatees that the disability might be imposed, the notice included contact information for the public defender's and patient's advocate's office, and the conservatees failed to affirmatively object, where the conservatees were unrepresented by counsel or a trained patient's advocate, and they were not informed about the limits of the court's power to impose the disability. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14; West's Ann.Cal.Prob.Code § 2250.2; West's Ann.Cal.Welf. & Inst.Code § 5357(d)..

See Cal. Jur. 3d, Incompetent, Addicted, and Disordered Persons, § 153; Cal. Civil Practice (Thomson Reuters 2011) Probate and Trust Proceedings, § 30:28; 3 Witkin, Cal. Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Actions, § 112.

Katia JULIAN, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. MISSION COMMUNITY HOSPITAL et al., Defendants and Respondents.

February 21, 2019October 6, 2017 by admin

Synopsis

Background: Teacher brought action against school district, district's police department, five individual police officers, a hospital, its owner, and the physician who treated teacher after the officers transported her to the hospital, alleging violations of the Lanterman-PetrisShort (LPS) Act, section 1983, and the Tom Bane Civil Rights Act. The Superior Court, Los Angeles County, No. LC100529, Frank J. Johnson, J., sustained demurrers without leave to amend. Teacher appealed.

Holdings: The Court of Appeal, Segal, J., held that: [1] there was no private right of action for the alleged violations of the LPS Act; [2] police sergeant had probable cause to detain teacher under Fourth Amendment; [3] district and police department were immune from liability for any violation of the state constitution's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures;

Interrogations 2013: Safeguarding against False Confessions

February 21, 2019October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

False confessions contributed to 40 of the first 250 DNA exonerations. Recognizing that even one wrongful conviction is too many, police, professors, and expert witnesses are interested in what went wrong in those cases, and what can be done to avoid similar mistakes in the future. There is general agreement that a straightforward set of procedural safeguards, already regularly used by many detectives, can protect against future wrongful convictions.Introduction Historically, there has been considerable debate about the causes of wrongful convictions, in part because there was not full agreement about whether the defendants were truly innocent. To learn from cases of wrongful convictions, it is important to identify cases where there is now wide agreement that the persons are actually innocent. Here, the focus is on cases where people were exonerated based on post-conviction DNA tests.We can learn from what went wrong in these cases.Recently, Professor Brandon Garrett focused on confession statements obtained from suspects in police...

Effective Responses: High Crime and Disorder Areas

February 21, 2019October 3, 2017 by admin

Overview

There are a variety of ways to define high crime and disorder areas. For the purposes of this paper (as in the previous IACA Identifying High Crime Areas [2013] white paper), we will rely on three primary characteristics to define high crime and disorder areas. These include:

1. a relatively high volume of crime and disorder, 2. evidence of spatial clustering, and 3. an observable pattern of time occurrence and/or duration.

We recognize that this characterization of high crime and disorder areas shares many similarities with the definition of hot spots. Due to the large number of similarities between the two, in this paper high crime and disorder areas and hot spot areas will be treated as the same concept. Our goal is to help the reader identify these areas, understand contributing factors, develop interventions, and then evaluate their effectiveness in reducing crime and disorder. Police agencies and their communities...

Foy v. Greenblott, 141 Cal.App.3d 1 (1983) Negative Treatment

February 21, 2019October 6, 2017 by admin

Plaintiff mother, an adjudicated incompetent, and her minor son, who was conceived and born in mental health facility, sued the facility, attending and treating physicians there at and mother's public guardian seeking damages on theory that birth was due to defendants' negligence.The Superior Court, Santa Clara County, Bruce F. Allen,J., entered judgment on demurrer dismissing action,and mother and child appealed. The Court of Appeal,Christian, J., held that: (1) the county, as guardian, could not be held liable for alleged negligence in selection of licensed private mental health facility or for failing to monitor mother's care and supervision thereat; (2) no recovery could be had for deprivation of a normal parent-child relationship; (3) facility and physicians thereat could not be held liable on theory that a woman adjudicated incompetent should not be permitted to bear a child; (4)allegations that physicians failed to make contraceptive counseling and medication available stated claim for relief...

Handgun Wounding Factors and Effectiveness

February 21, 2019July 23, 2017 by admin

TACTICAL REALITIES

Shot placement is an important, and often cited, consideration regarding the suitability of weapons and ammunition. However, considerations of caliber are equally important and cannot be ignored. For example, a bullet through the central nervous system with any caliber of ammunition is likely to be immediately incapacitating.' Even a .22 rimfire penetrating the brain will cause immediate incapacitation in most cases. Obviously, this does not mean the law enforcement agency should issue .22 rimfires and train for head shots as the primary target. The realities of shooting incidents prohibit such a solution. Few, if any, shooting incidents will present the officer with an opportunity to take a careful, precisely aimed shot at the subject’s head. Rather, shootings are characterized by their sudden, unexpected occurrence; by rapid and unpredictable movement of both officer and adversary; by limited and partial target opportunities; by poor light and unforeseen obstacles; and by the life or death stress of sudden, close, personal violence. Training is...