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The Seven-Stage Hate Model: The Psychopathology of Hate

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Hate masks personal insecurities. Not all insecure people are haters, but all haters are insecure people. Hate elevates the hater above the hated. Haters cannot stop hating without exposing their personal insecurities. Haters can only stop hating when they face their insecurities.

Stage 1: The Haters Gather

Haters rarely hate alone. They feel compelled, almost driven, to entreat others to hate as they do. Peer validation bolsters a sense of self-worth and, at the same time, prevents introspection, which reveals personal insecurities. Individuals who are otherwise ineffective become empowered when they join groups, which also provide anonymity and diminished accountability.

Stage 2: The Hate Group Defines Itself

Hate groups form identities through symbols, rituals, and mythologies, which enhance the members' status and, at the same time, degrade the object of their hate. For example, skinhead groups may adopt the swastika, the iron cross, the Confederate flag, and other supremacist symbols...

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A Comparative Study of the Effect of Subliminal Messages on Public Speaking Ability.

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A study investigated the effectiveness of subliminal techniques (such as tape recorded programs) for improving public speaking ability. It was hypothesized that students who used subliminal tapes to improve public speaking ability would perform no differently from classmates who listened to identical-sounding placebo tape programs containing no subliminal messages. Subjects, 26 students at a midwestern university, were divided into subliminal tape and placebo tape groups. Comparison of pretest and posttest surveys did not support the hypothesis. Although placebo group members evaluated their own confidence, improvement, and enjoyment higher than the subliminal group, the average final course grade of the experimental (subliminal) group was higher than that of the control (placebo) group. (Tables of data are included, notes and sample pretests and posttests are appended.) (NKA)...

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Sadism and Masochism: The Psychology of Hatred and Cruelty

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Abstract

These are among the most recent volumes in a series now being issued in English by Horace Liveright. Stekel is generally recognized as a disciple of Freud who has gone far beyond Freud himself, as well as other followers of the great psychologist, in his methods and in the extent of his practice. He is recognized as perhaps more romantic than scientific. In these two volumes he is largely concerned with the relationships of hatred and cruelty to psychologic reactions. It has been known since these subjects were popularized by Havelock Ellis that there is a clear relationship between the sex element and both the infliction and the enjoyment of cruelty. Dr. Stekel makes this clear by the recital of numerous cases from his practice and from psychosexual literature. His manner of presentation is such as to make almost anything he writes most interesting....

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Findings Are Now Firm: Ejected Shell Casings Can’t Reliably Tell Much About A Shooter’s Location

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Nearly 8,000 rounds fired by Los Angeles County (CA) sheriff’s deputies have now conclusively proved what the Force Science Research Center first asserted more than 2 years ago: The single greatest influence on where spent shell casings land when ejected from a semiautomatic handgun is how the pistol is physically manipulated by the shooter, not any rigid, intrinsic mechanical factor.

Indeed, the FSRC’s benchmark findings show that the ejection spread can vary up to 24 feet with the same gun, fired by the same shooter, depending on how the weapon is gripped and moved, according to the Center’s executive director, Dr. Bill Lewinski of Minnesota State University-Mankato.

FSRC’s scientific testing can have a significant impact in officer-involved shootings where LEOs are accused of lying about where they were positioned during a confrontation, based on where their ejected shell casings were found.

Just last week, for example, Lewinski testified on behalf of a...

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Essay: Storytelling Without Fear? Confession in Law & Literature

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Mea culpa belongs to a man and his God. It is a plea that cannot be exacted from free men by human authority.

Abe Fortas 1

I have only one thing to fear in this enterprise; that isn't to say too much or to say untruths; it's rather not to say everything, and to silence truths.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2   I want to talk about a certain kind of narrative that has long held a particularly problematic status in the law. As a kind of prologue to my remarks, let me mention the record of a criminal case that I stumbled upon in the Yale Law Library. It is from 1819 in Manchester, Vermont, where the disappearance of the cantankerous Russell Colvin led to an accusation that his feuding neighbors, Stephen and Jesse Boorn, had murdered him - to which, after their conviction, they eventually confessed, only to have it discovered that

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Fraud in the Inducement/ Fraud in the Procurement Law and Legal Definition

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Fraud in the inducement is the use of deceit or trick to cause someone to act to his/her disadvantage, such as signing an agreement. The heart of this type of fraud is misleading the other party as to the facts upon which he/she will base his/her decision to act. A person is induced to enter into a transaction with a false impression of the risks, duties, or obligations involved. There is intentional misrepresentation of a material risk or duty reasonably relied on, thereby injuring the other party without vitiating the contract itself. For example, A tells his mother to sign a deed giving him her property, and his mother refuses to do so. A falsely tells her that the bank will foreclose on the property unless she signs it over to him. If A’s mother signs the deed because of this statement from A, and A tries to enforce the deed,..

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Psychological Impact On Women Of Miscarriage Versus Induced Abortion: A 2-year Follow-up Study.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the psychological trauma reactions of women who had either a miscarriage or an induced abortion, in the 2 years after the event. Further, to identify important predictors of Impact of Event Scale (IES) scores.

METHOD:

A consecutive sample of women who experienced miscarriage (N = 40) or induced abortion (N = 80) were interviewed 3 times: 10 days (T1), 6 months (T2), and 2 years (T3) after the event.

RESULTS:

At T1, 47.5% of the women who had a miscarriage were cases (IES score 19 points on 1 or both of the IES subscales), compared with 30% for women who had an induced abortion (p =.60). The corresponding values at T3 were 2.6% and 18.1%, respectively (p =.019). At all measurement time points, the group who had induced abortion scored higher on IES avoidance. Women who had a miscarriage were more likely to experience feelings of loss and grief..,

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Ethical Considerations Of Psychosurgery: The Unhappy Legacy Of The Pre-frontal Lobotomy

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Abstract

There is no subject at the interface of law, psychiatry and medical ethics which is more controversial than psychosurgery. The divergent views of the treatment begin with its definition. The World Health Organisation and others define psychosurgery as the selective surgical removal or destruction of nerve pathways or normal brain tissue with a view to influencing behaviour. However, proponents of psychosurgery demur on the basis that the `modern' treatment is concerned predominantly with emotional illness, without any specific effect upon behaviour. The alternative definition offered is `the surgical treatment of certain psychiatric illnesses by means of localised lesions placed in specific cerebral sites.

It is difficult entirely to accept this definition because, as examined below, scientific psychiatry is not yet in a position to directly treat psychiatric illness solely through surgical intervention. There is no reliable theoretical relationship between particular cerebral sites (which are normal and healthy) and an identifiable psychiatric illness or symptomatology..

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Cost of Major Murder Trials: Who Should Pay How Much?

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Abstract:

The reimbursement began in 1961 and originally used a formula involving a deductible similar to that used in automobile insurance. Subsequent legislation changed the formula to reduce the deductible and to have the State pay 90 percent of the remaining costs for counties with less than 300,000 residents and 80 percent of the costs for larger counties. State aid becomes available as soon as a trial's cost exceeds 0.625 percent of 1 percent of the assessed value of property in the county. Study data came from interviews with judges, prosecutors, and private attorneys and from official records on costs and county financial resources. The analysis indicated that the cost sharing is not equitable because the reimbursement formula uses countywide property taxes as the basis of reimbursement. However, revenue actually available to counties can differ substantially from countywide property taxes. In addition, incentives for cost savings have...

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Domestic Violence During Pregnancy. The Prevalence Of Physical Injuries, Substance Use, Abortions And Miscarriages.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of physical injuries, alcohol and tobacco use, abortions and miscarriages due to domestic violence during pregnancy and to compare socio-economic background factors between abused and non abused women.

METHOD: Personal interview combined with a standardized questionnaire involving 207 pregnant Swedish born women married to or cohabiting with Swedish born men. The women were consecutively chosen from three different antenatal clinics in Göteborg, Sweden.

RESULTS: Overall 30 women were abused during the current pregnancy as defined from the category 'symbolic violence' in the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAW). The most frequent targets for physical abuse were: the upper arm, the forearm, and the face and neck region. Ninety-five percent of women abused during pregnancy had been abused prior to the pregnancy. Notable was the finding that 4.3% of the pregnant women had been exposed to serious violencee...

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Psychological Morbidity Following Miscarriage.

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Abstract

Emerging evidence has suggested that miscarriage could be associated with significant and possibly enduring psychological consequences. As many as 50% of miscarrying women suffer some form of psychological morbidity in the weeks and months after loss. About 40% of miscarrying women were found to be suffering from symptoms of grief shortly after miscarriage, and pathological grief can follow. Elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms are common, and major depressive disorder has been reported in 10-50% after miscarriage. Psychological symptoms could persist for 6 months to 1 year after miscarriage. The underlying risk factors predisposing a miscarrying woman to psychological morbidity include a history of psychiatric illness, childlessness, lack of social support or poor marital adjustment, prior pregnancy loss, and ambivalence toward the fetus. In addition, care-givers should be aware of the possible moderating effect of clinical practices such as surgical treatment and ultrasound findings on the psychological impact on a miscarrying woman. Unlike in...

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Suffering and the Problem of Evil

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Islam teaches the endurance of suffering with hope and faith. The faithful are not counseled to resist it, or to ask why. Instead, they accept it as God's will and live through it with faith that God never asks more of them than they can endure. However, Islam also teaches the faithful to work actively to alleviate the suffering of others. Recognizing that they are the cause of their own suffering, individuals work to bring suffering to an end. In the Islamic view, righteous individuals are revealed not only through patient acceptance of their own suffering, but through their good works for others. And if suffering is a consequence of unbelief, then good works will relieve pain....

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Shoffman V. Tonnemacher

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FACTUAL BACKGROUND

On May 22, 2003, Hoffman presented to the Emergency Medical Department at MMC and was examined and treated by Dr. Tonnemacher, a board certified emergency department physician.2 Defendant's Undisputed Material Fact ("DUMF") No. 1. Hoffman had a fever of 102.3°, a pulse of 126, respiration of 24, a blood pressure of 159/87, and it was reported that Hoffman had a temperature of 106° when she was with the ambulance crew shortly before admission. Plaintiffs Opposition to Undisputed Facts (hereinafter "PODUMF") at p. 6; Tonnemacher Declaration Exhibit A.3 Hoffman was noted to have a medical history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, Hodgkin's lymphoma, a prior splenectomy, and a heart murmur at the time of her admission. Id.; Tonnemacher Declaration at ¶ 4. The medical records indicate that Hoffman's chief complaints were chills with hyperventilation, nasal congestion, cough, chest pain, and numbness in her hands.4 PODUMF at p. 6; Tonnemacher Declaration at ¶ 4 & Exhibit A....

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JERDEN v. AMSTUTZ

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In June 2000, Mr. Jerden was referred to Dr. Amstutz, who was called upon to evaluate an unknown illness. After examining MRI reports of Mr. Jerden, Dr. Amstutz made a diagnosis that Mr. Jerden had a brain tumor and recommended a craniotomy. On July 10, 2000, Dr. Amstutz performed a craniotomy on Mr. Jerden, who was thereafter correctly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on pathology analysis of the brain tissue removed during the operation.

Plaintiffs, in their action for medical negligence, asserted that a less invasive biopsy would have had fewer physical implications and would have allowed a greater possibility of recovery from the effects of the plaques formed in the brain by the demyelination associated with multiple sclerosis. Plaintiffs alleged that Defendant failed to review adequately the diagnostic MRI reports, radiology reports, and Mr. Jerden's medical history and symptoms, which indicated signs of...

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Super Controllers And Crime Prevention: A Routine Activity Explanation Of Crime Prevention Success And Failure

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Abstract

Why does crime prevention fail? And under what conditions does it succeed? Routine Activity Theory provides the foundation for understanding crime and its patterns by focusing on variations in the convergence of offenders, targets and controllers in space and time. But Routine Activity Theory does not provide a full understanding of why the controllers may be absent or ineffective. This article expands Routine Activity Theory to explain controllers. It claims that the behaviors of controllers can be understood in the context of their relationship with super controllers – those who regulate controllers’ incentives to prevent crime. The article lists and describes types of super controllers. Drawing on a rational choice perspective and Situational Crime Prevention, the article examines the methods super controllers use to regulate the conduct of controllers. Examples are used throughout to illustrate specific points and to show the...

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PREA / Offender Sexual Abuse

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The Act applies to all public and private institutions that house adult or juvenile offenders and is also relevant to community-based agencies. It addresses both inmate-on-inmate sexual abuse and staff sexual misconduct. On June 23, 2009, the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission released and forwarded to the U.S. Attorney General its final report and proposed standards to prevent, detect, respond to and monitor sexual abuse of incarcerated and detained individuals. Based on the Attorney General's independent judgment, a final rule was published to the Federal Register on June 20, 2012. Links to the Federal Register, the Commission report and executive summary, the final standards, and other relevant documents are provided in the "Related Web Sites" sidebar to the left....

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