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Why Killers Take Trophies

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

Reliving the Crime Extends the Fantasy

Killers like to take trophies and souvenirs from their victims. Keeping some memento a lock of hair, jewelry, newspaper clips of the crime helps prolong, even nourish, their fantasy of the crime. In my research, I’ve seen this happen again and again.

Here’s what to look for in an investigation: Is there anything missing that belongs to the victim? Often police will mistakenly look for valuable missing items. But I’m not talking about a stereo component that’s an impersonal item. I’m talking about something more personal a ring, earrings, even costume jewelry — something the victim was wearing at the time of the crime.

Maybe they’ll keep the victim’s driver’s license. Some will leave it intact. Others will get rid of everything but the picture, so they just have a little wallet photo of the victim, as if they had some kind of relationship going....

Body Contact and Sexual Enticement

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

BEING HELD or cuddled may reduce anxiety, promote relaxation and a feeling of security, and provide a distinctive type of gratification. Since women are usually held or cuddled before and after coitus, they can use sex as a means of obtaining this type of body contact. But how often do they do so? And is there a correlation between the intensity of their need for body contact and the frequency with which they use sex to obtain this satisfaction? The answers to these two questions, obtained as part of a larger study on the need for body contact, will be presented in this report.

In the larger study, we found that the need to be held and cuddled, like other needs, varies in intensity from person to person and in the same person from time to time. For most women, body contact is pleasant but not indispensible. At

Indigent Defense: International Perspectives and Research Needs

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

The U.S. Constitution guarantees all criminal defendants the right to be represented by counsel. Those defendants who cannot afford a lawyer have the right to have counsel appointed free of charge.[1] A considerable majority of criminal defendants in the United States fall into this category; yet, there are insufficient resources to meet their legal needs.

The American Bar Association (ABA) has characterized the funding for indigent defense services as "shamefully inadequate" and found that the system "lacks fundamental fairness and places poor persons at constant risk for wrongful conviction."[2] Public defenders represent the majority of indigent defendants in nonfederal cases,[3] but public defender offices are significantly understaffed and underfunded. In 2007, the Bureau of Justice Statistics examined caseloads in public defender offices and found that the majority of offices exceeded the recommended number of cases per attorney under the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice's Standards and Goals and employed insufficient numbers of support staff.

Attention Seeking Behaviors

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

When a child is not able to get attention from his or her primary caretakers, he or she will do what kids do and act out by saying or doing something that creates some drama. Children do this because negative attention is still attention. We expect this because children are trying to figure out how to do life, and part of their job is to push the boundaries and our buttons.

What we don't expect, and what becomes a big problem in relationships, is when adults act out in this manner. Make no mistake. If you ever say, "I should just kill myself," to see how your partner will respond, it is unquestionably an attention-seeking behavior. And it is one of the unhealthiest actions you can indulge in.

Creating this kind of drama in an adult relationship is at best a sad commentary on an obviously broken communication dynamic. In addition,...

The Importance of “Sexual Proprietariness” in Theoretical Framing and Interpretation of Pregnancy-Associated Intimate Partner Violence and Femicide

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by an intimate partner in particular, and those who were physically abused during a pregnancy. Results indicate that women who are physically abused during pregnancy also experience higher levels of all other forms of abuse compared to women who are not pregnant when abused, including nearly twice the level of power and control.

Abstract

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by...

Homicide Followed By Suicide: Remorse Or Revenge?

November 24, 2018October 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Homicide is followed by the suicide of the assailant in around 4% of homicide-suicide episodes in England and Wales. The assailant is invariably a man who most commonly kills his spouse and/or children. Shooting is the most common method of suicide and homicide in these cases. It has been asserted that the low rate of homicide and relatively high rate of suicide in killers is a result of English killers internalizing their culture's abhorrence of killing. However, examination of homicide-suicide episodes indicate that in most episodes the decision to commit suicide has been taken before the decision to kill and that only a minority of suicides in assailants are out of remorse. Homicide followed by suicide is a distinct category of homicide which has features that differ from other forms of killing. These episodes are complex and do not reflect simple remorse following the killing. ...

Special Aspects of Crime Scene Interpretation and Behavioral Analysis

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

1. INTRODUCTION

Crime scene analysis may lead to different ways of interpretation and classification of a crime investigated. Additional information can be obtained by methods of behavioral analysis where an overall view of the criminal case is provided and conclusions regarding the underlying motive(s) can be drawn (1–10). Behavioral analysis in unsolved homicide cases is playing a more important role in the field of police work (11–13). The method of behavioral analysis was developed in the United States and further developed in different European countries in the late 1980s. Today, it is routine practice for police agencies to perform analytical procedures in unsolved homicide cases in close cooperation with experts from different fields, such as psychiatry, psychology, and forensic pathology. This analytical process should not be confused with offender profiling. The forensic pathologist investigating the death scene and examining the victim’s body will most often contribute valuable information to a careful...

Using Hypnosis For Therapeutic Abreactions.

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Abreaction, the dramatic reliving of traumatic events under hypnosis, is a powerful therapeutic intervention useful in the treatment of victims of trauma. First systematically applied in World War I, abreaction coupled with psychotherapeutic processing of the recovered material is increasingly being used with victims of child abuse and chronic PTSD. Abreactions are helpful in recovering dissociated or repressed traumatic material, reconnecting missing affect with recalled material and for transforming traumatic memories. Although abreactions can be induced with medications, hypnosis is the method of choice except in acute situations where it is not possible to establish rapport. A variety of hypnotic techniques for the induction and management of abreaction are discussed, together with the indications and contraindications for their use...

Amnesia for Homicide (“Pedicide”)Its Treatment With Hypnosis

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Guttmacher and Weihofen1 have pointed out that "the recollection of crime is often incomplete with a spotty amnesia which may clear up only partially under sodium pentothal or one of the other abreactive drugs." The author will present the cases of two women who murdered their children and subsequently suffered from a complete amnesia for the details of these crimes. In each case the woman had some vague recollection of having killed her child, but had forgotten all of the specific details of the homicide and the surrounding events. The cases are presented for the purpose of elucidating three factors.

1. The phenomenology and some of the causative factors of such crimes.

2. The phenomenology and dynamics of the concurrent amnesia.

3. The usefulness of hypnosis in elucidating factors 1 and 2 by a recovery of the forgotten events.

Are You a Victim of the Victim Syndrome?

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

People who suffer from the victim syndrome are always complaining about the 'bad things that happen' in their lives. Because they believe they have no control over the way events unfold, they don’t feel a sense of responsibility for them. One moment, they present themselves dramatically as victims; the next, they morph into victimizers, hurting the people trying to help them and leaving would-be helpers with a sense of utter frustration. People with a victim mentality display passive-aggressive characteristics when interacting with others. Their behavior has a self-defeating, almost masochistic quality. The victim style becomes a relational mode - a life affirming activity: I am miserable therefore I am. In this article, I present three examples of people with this syndrome and a checklist that can be used to identify sufferers. I also discuss the concept of secondary gain - the 'benefits' people get from perpetuating a problem... .

The Karpman Drama Triangle

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

The basic concept underpinning the Karpman Drama Triangle is the connection between responsibility and power, and their relationship to boundaries.

The Karpman Drama Triangle was originally conceived by Steven Karpman and was used to plot the interplay and behavioural “moves” between two or more people. Karpman’s original premise was based on the Transactional Analysis model as proposed by Eric Berne in the 50’s. Berne’s hypothesis is that people form a “Script” which is essentially an individual’s concept or belief about who they are, what the World is like, how they relate to the World, how the World relates to them, and how others treat them. Psychologists theorise that an individual forms their Script by the time they are four or five. A Script is based on what an individual is told, what they experience, and how they interpret these external stimuli from their own internal frame of reference....

Excited Delirium

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Excited (or agitated) delirium is characterized by agitation, aggression, acute distress and sudden death, often in the pre-hospital care setting. It is typically associated with the use of drugs that alter dopamine processing, hyperthermia, and, most notably, sometimes with death of the affected person in the custody of law enforcement. Subjects typically die from cardiopulmonary arrest, although the cause is debated. Unfortunately an adequate treatment plan has yet to be established, in part due to the fact that most patients die before hospital arrival. While there is still much to be discovered about the pathophysiology and treatment, it is hoped that this extensive review will provide both police and medical personnel with the information necessary to recognize and respond appropriately to excited delirium...

Variability of Undetermined Manner of Death Classification in the US

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To better understand variations in classification of deaths of undetermined intent among states in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). DESIGN: Data from the NVDRS and the National Vital Statistics System were used to compare differences among states. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentages of deaths assigned undetermined intent, rates of deaths of undetermined intent, rates of fatal poisonings broken down by cause of death, composition of poison types within the undetermined-intent classification. RESULTS: Three states within NVDRS (Maryland, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island) evidenced increased numbers of deaths of undetermined intent. These same states exhibited high rates of undetermined death and, more specifically, high rates of undetermined poisoning deaths. Further, these three states evidenced correspondingly lower rates of unintentional poisonings. The types of undetermined poisonings present in these states, but not present in other states, are typically the result of a combination of recreational drugs, alcohol, or prescription drugs. CONCLUSIONS:...

Excited Delirium Strikes Without Warning

November 24, 2018October 9, 2017 by admin

Learning Objective

• Discuss the pathophysiology of excited delirium • Recognize the signs and symptoms excited delirium • Identify the treatment for a patient presenting with excited delirium

Key Terms

Bells Mania: A condition that manifests with mania and fever in which the patient becomes exhausted due to mental excitement. Benzodiazepine: A medication that results in sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic action. Dissociative agents: Medications that produce a trance-like state by causing interruption of cerebral association pathways between the limbic and cortical systems. Dopamine: A catecholamine neurotransmitter produced in several areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra. Excited delirium: A condition that manifests as a combination of delirium, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, speech disturbances, disorientation, violent and bizarre behavior, insensitivity to pain, elevated body temperature and superhuman strength. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A condition that causes delirium and death as a result of abrupt withdrawal from psychiatric medication that blocks dopamine re-uptake....

Drug-Induced Orthostatic Hypotension.

November 24, 2018October 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension is an important clinical problem. When symptomatic, it is poorly tolerated by the patient, and can be a cause for discontinuing treatment. It may have more serious consequences if it leads to syncope, falls and injury, or to sustained loss of perfusion of vital organs resulting in heart attack or stroke. Orthostatic hypotension is easily detected by procedures available to all physicians, who should maintain a high index of suspicion when prescribing drugs commonly known to cause this condition, especially in the elderly. Since the medical conditions calling for the use of these drugs are extremely prevalent, the screening and monitoring of orthostatic hypotension should be instituted as a routine precaution in appropriate patients. Hypertension affects two-thirds of elderly patients. Orthostatic hypotension is an infrequent adverse effect of most of the drugs in current use in the treatment of hypertension; it is, however,...