searchfortruth.info > Bipedal Walking

Bipedal Walking

Synthesis Of Natural Arm Swing Motion In Human Bipedal Walking

by

Abstract

It has historically been believed that the role of arm motion during walking is related to balancing. Arm motion during natural walking is distinguished in that each arm swing is with the motion of the opposing leg. Although this arm swing motion is generated naturally during bipedal walking, it is interesting to note that the arm swing motion is not necessary for stable walking. This paper attempts to explain the contribution of out-of-phase arm swing in human bipedal walking. Consequently, a human motion control methodology that generates this arm swing motion during walking is proposed. The relationship between arm swing and reaction moment about the vertical axis of the foot is explained in the context of the dynamics of a multi-body articulated system. From this understanding, it is reasoned that arm swing is the result of an effort to reduce the reaction moment about the vertical axis of the foot while the torso and legs are being controlled. This idea is applied to the

Read More!

Control And Function Of Arm Swing In Human Walking And Running

by

INTRODUCTION

Arm swing is a distinctive readily apparent characteristic of human walking and running. Our arms tend to swing out of phase with our legs, the right arm swinging forward with the left leg and vice versa. Although it has long been established that the arms do not swing as simple, unrestrained pendulums (Elftman, 1939; Fernandez Ballesteros et al., 1965; Jackson et al., 1978; Hinrichs, 1987; Ohsato, 1993; Webb et al., 1994; Gutnik et al., 2005), the extent to which the shoulder muscles actively drive the arms, and the effect of arm swing on stability and economy during walking and running are poorly understood. In this paper, we examined the control of arm swing during walking and running, and investigated the effect of restricting arm swing on stability and metabolic cost. In a seminal study examining the movements of the torso and arms during walking, Elftman suggested that the arms did not move as simple pendulums, but instead were driven by muscle activation

Read More!

The Relationship Between Arm Movement and Walking Stability in Bipedal Walking

by

Abstract.

The research about the bipedal locomotion is advanced in all fields at present. To the research of those fields, a quantitative analysis of human’s walking characteristic is indispensable. However, bipedal locomotion analysis has been performed focusing on lower limbs, and, as for research of the arm swing operation is not performed nevertheless it importance is generally told. The reason for it is to be assumed that the arm is not a necessary a part for locomotion. But it can be guessed that the arm swing operation having done a certain role about the stability of a walk which is very unstable physically. When running, the human clearly draws the arm greatly and quickly. This suggests the arm swing operation is related with the change of walking form and the move speed of the locomotion, and it influences the stability of a walk. This method becomes the useful analysis technique also not only to the above mentioned research but to the

Read More!