Bodies from Water

SUMMARY

1. Immersion artefacts occur in any corpse immersed in water, irrespective of whether death was from drowning or the person was dead on entering the water. Therefore, immersion artefacts do not contribute to proof of death by drowning. However, such artefacts are typically the most striking findings in a body recovered from water.

These immersion artefacts include: 1. goose-skin, or anserina cutis, which is roughening, or pimpling of the skin, 2. skin maceration, or washer-woman's skin, which is swelling and wrinkling of the skin, and 3. adipocere, which is the transformation of the fatty layer beneath the skin into a soap-like material - a process requiring many weeks or months.

2. Corpses in water always lie with the face down and with the head hanging. Buffeting in the water commonly produces post-mortem head injuries, which may be difficult to distinguish from injuries sustained during life. The presence of bleeding usually distinguishes ante-mortem from post-mortem injuries. However,