Homicide Studies Archives - Page 3 of 9 - searchfortruth.info

A Study of Assassination

February 12, 2019September 27, 2017 by admin

A STUDY OF ASSASSINATION

DEFINITION Assassination is a term thought to be derived from "Hashish", a drug similar to marijuana, said to have been used by Hasan-ibn-Sabah to induce motivation in his followers, who were assigned to carry out political and other murders, usually at the cost of their lives. It is here used to describe the planned killing of a person who is not under the legal jurisdiction of the killer, who is not physically in the hands of the killer, who has been selected by a resistance organization for death, and whose death provides positive advantages to that organization.

EMPLOYMENT Assassination is an extreme measure not normally used in clandestine operations. It should be assumed that it will never be ordered or authorized by any U.S. Headquarters, though the latter may in rare instances agree to its execution by members of an associated foreign service. This reticence is partly due to the necessity...

Rorschach Oral Dependency in Psychopaths Sexual Homicide Perpetrators and Nonviolent Pedophiles

February 12, 2019July 27, 2017 by admin

The Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale (ROD; Masling et al., 1967) assesses elements of interpersonal dependency. For example, Shilkret and Masling (1981)found that ROD scores predict help-seeking behavior of participants in a research project. ROD scores are also positively and significantly correlated with cooperationand compliance with authority figures (Bornstein & Masling, 1985; Masling,O’Neill, & Jayne, 1981), self-reported levels of insecure attachment (Duberstein& Talbot, 1993), eating disorders (Bornstein & Greenberg, 1991), and behavioral difficulties in terminating inpatient psychiatric treatment (...

Homicide in California, 2008

February 11, 2019July 29, 2017 by admin

Homicide in California, 2008 contains information about the crime of homicide and its victims, as well as demographic data on persons arrested for homicide. Information about the death penalty, the number of peace officers killed in the line of duty, and justifiable homicide is also included. This report provides data for 2008 and prior years. The California Department of Justice (DOJ) is responsible for reporting annual statistics on homicide as mandated by Penal Code section 13014. Information displayed in this report is extracted from several databases maintained by the DOJ. The primary source of information is the Homicide File, which captures willful and justifiable homicide crime data. Other databases capture information about persons arrested for homicide, death penalty sentences, and peace officers killed in the line of duty. The type of data collected, and the methods used to collect these data, differ for each data set. Unless otherwise indicated, all calculations are based on the number of known victims...

Murder by Design: The Evolution of Homicide

February 11, 2019July 31, 2017 by admin

Homicide is a widely studied phenomenon using various units of analysis, research designs, statistical approaches, and diverse data sources. From the extant literature on this topic, numerous findings emerge that assist in our statistical understanding of homicidal behavior. In particular, one of the most frequent sources of information on homicides is drawn from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) Uniform Crime Reporting Program, which collates and reports Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHRs) from more than 18,000 police agencies annually. As one of the most widely available sources of data, this information often forms the basis for a great deal of what is known about homicide. For example, the most recent Crime in the United States shows that the rate of homicide has declined in recent years to the current rate of 5.6 per 100,000 inhabitants (FBI, 2003). In addition, this publication depicts the demographic composition of homicides in the United States by reporting that homicide victims are...

Why Homicide Clearance Rates Decrease: Evidence From The Caribbean

February 11, 2019July 31, 2017 by admin

Introduction

Homicide clearance rates are often used as a yardstick for measuring overall police performance. Investigations constitute only a small share of what the police do, but homicide clearance rates often serve as a proxy for police performance for two reasons. First, most people would agree that murder is the most serious type of crime, and therefore solving murder cases is among the most important of police functions. Bringing a murderer to justice quenches the public’s thirst for the police to do something about violent crime. Second, homicides are the most reliably reported crime. Measurement error in official police data on other crime types is often so severe that it is difficult to know whether increases or decreases represent true changes in crime or are simply an artefact of reporting or recording practices (Hoffman 1971, Nadel 1978, Poggio et al. 1985, Cordner 1989, Alpert and Moore 1993, Riedel and Jarvis 1998). Although homicide clearances are sometimes conceptually ambiguous,.

Homicides of Children and Youth

February 10, 2019July 27, 2017 by admin

Murders of children and youth, the ultimate form of juvenile victimization, have received a great deal of deserved publicity in recent years.1 Yet, while images of Polly Klaas and student victims at Columbine High School are vivid in the public’s mind, statistics on juvenile murder victims are not. Substantial misunderstandings exist about the magnitude of and trends in juvenile homicide and the types of children at risk of becoming victims of different types of homicide. This Bulletin gives a brief statistical portrait of various facets of child and youth homicide victimization in the United States. It draws heavily on homicide data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHRs), which are part of the Bureau’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program; however, it also relies on a variety of other studies and statistical sources. Highlights of the findings presented in this Bulletin include the following: ◆ In 1999, about 1,800 juveniles (a rate of 2.6 per 100,000) were victims of homicide in the United States...

Homicide Process Mapping: Best Practices For Increasing Homicide Clearances

February 10, 2019July 3, 2017 by admin

The United States has experienced tragic mass homicides such as Newtown, Connecticut, and Aurora, Colorado—that focus national attention on the crime. However, receiving much less national attention is the fact that on average there are more than 40 homicides occurring on a daily basis in the United States. This number surpasses the deaths that occurred in these horrific mass incidents. Although over the last several years the numbers of homicides nationwide have continued to drop, the numbers of victims still remain high (16,799 homicides in 2011) (Cooper and Smith, 2011). Moreover, another disturbing trend has emerged. While the frequency of homicides is decreasing, clearance rates have also dropped (to less than 65 percent on average); hence, fewer homicide offenders are being identified and arrested. Although the national clearance rate average has continued to drop, some individual law enforcement agencies have excelled in clearing homicides, with clearance rates of 80 percent and higher. The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) wanted to understand how some agencies were...

The Missing Missing: Toward a Quantification of Serial Murder Victimization in the United States

February 10, 2019July 27, 2017 by admin

Although early attempts to estimate the number of serial murder victims in the United States varied greatly and were exaggerated, current estimates may actually underestimate the number of serial murder victims. This study provides extrapolation from existing databases including missing persons, unidentified dead, and misidentified dead to estimate uncounted serial murder victims. In addition to providing lower and upper estimates of possible victims from these sources, this article also provides a methodology for counting “the missing missing”—missing persons who were never reported as missing and some of whom may be serial murder victims. By counting various sources of possible hidden serial murder victims, the addition of a lower estimate of 182 and an upper estimate of 1,832 additional annual serial murder victims in the United States is suggested.

Early attempts to estimate the annual number of serial murder victims in the United States greatly varied (Fox & Levin, 1985; Holmes & DeBurger, 1988; Kiger, 1990). Kiger (1990) noted that the most extreme estimates...

Homicide in Seattle’s Chinatown, 1900-1940: Evaluating the Influence of Social Organizations

February 10, 2019July 27, 2017 by admin

Brian Paciotti, a human ecologist, obtained his PhD from the Graduate Group in Ecology (Human Ecology Area of Emphasis), at the University of California, Davis. He is currently a lecturer with the department of Sociology at UC Davis, and a post-doctoral fellow with the National Consortium on Violence Research (NCOVR). Much of the data used in this paper come from Rosemary Gartner’s and Bill McCarthy’s longitudinal homicide dataset that includes homicide cases in Seattle, Vancouver, Buffalo, and Toronto from the years 1900-2000. Paciotti is grateful to them for the use of these data, as well as generous assistance in writing and revising this paper. In addition, Steve Messner, and other NCOVR members provided valuable insights about interpreting and analyzing the data. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. SBR-9513040 to the National Consortium on Violence Research. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or...

When Silenced Voices Speak: An Exploratory Study of Prostitute Homicide

February 9, 2019July 31, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

The FBI’s National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC) recently cited an increase in consultations involving serial, or multiple, homicide of female prostitutes, including anecdotal evidence of distinct victimology and crime scene differences among the victims. Of particular interest to the NCAVC was whether such variables (e.g., work location, body disposal method) could classlfy a deceased prostitute case as being either “single” (i.e., the only victim of a murderer) or “serial” (i.e., one of several victims of a murderer) in nature. Because this phenomenon had not been examined empirically, this exploratory study investigated dBerences between samples of serial and single prostitute homicide victims. The NCAVC’s anecdotal data and variables excerpted fiom relevant research literatures were included in an instrument designed for the study, the Prostitute Homicide Questionnaire (PHQ; Dudek & Nezu, 2000). Psychopathy was measured retrospectively with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R, Hare, 199 IC). Efforts were made throughout the study to control error variance. Trained raters examined 123 closed homicide files

Political Information Cycles: When Do Voters Sanction Incumbent Parties For High Homicide Rates?∗

February 6, 2019June 26, 2017 by admin

How voters hold governments to account depends upon when they consume information about the relevant incumbent party. If news consumption follows electoral cycles, short-term performance indicators in the news prior to elections may powerfully shape voting behavior, especially among voters that principally engage with politics around elections. Exploiting three sources of plausibly exogenous variation, I examine when Mexican voters sanction municipal incumbents for local violent crime. I show that voters indeed consume more news before local elections, and that homicides before such elections increase the salience of public security and reduce confidence in the mayor. Electoral returns confirm that pre-election homicide shocks substantially decrease the incumbent party’s vote share and re-election probability. However, such sanctioning is limited to mayoral elections and is barely impacted by longer-term homicide rates. Finally, I show that the punishment of homicide shocks requires local broadcast media stations, and is greatest among the least informed voters. These findings demonstrate the importance of when voters consume news about an under-studied performance...

Clearing Murders: Is It About Time?

February 6, 2019June 19, 2017 by admin

This study uses data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to explore the impact of model selection on determining the association of victim-level and incident-level factors to the likelihood of homicide clearance. We compare both traditional operationalizations of clearance rates as well as the time to clearance as dependent variables in examinations of correlates of solvability in homicide cases. Using a different approach than most other analyses of this problem, the results affirm the consistency of some effects but also reveal some important differences when the aspect of time is factored into the model. Implications for analyses of efficiency and effectiveness of police response to homicide, cold-case analyses, and other strategies for solving crime are discussed.

In recent years crime rates have fallen from the historic highs of the late 1980s. However, crime clearances have fallen over the years as well (see Figure 1). In fact murder clearances were as high as 94 percent in 1961 and currently are at about 62 percent...

Confrontational Homicide A Final Report To The Criminology Research Council

February 4, 2019December 27, 2018 by admin

SUMMARY

This report is an analysis of forms of male-on-male homicide. It is a follow-up to an earlier study which, consistent with research elsewhere, found that males not only constitute a vast majority of homicide offenders, but further that slightly over half of all homicides involve males taking the lives of other males. The purpose of the present research is to establish, if possible, the patterns which characterize these distinctively male homicides. The data for the research are drawn from the files of the Office of the Coroner of Victoria, and include all homicides reported to the Coroner for the years 1985-1989. The files consist of an initial report of the attending police regarding the death, the brief prepared by the police for presentation at the Coroner's Inquest, the autopsy report regarding the cause of death, any relevant toxicology reports, and the report of the Inquest itself. For each of the 376 homicides reported in the five year period, a case study

Consequences of Policing Prostitution

January 26, 2019January 8, 2019 by admin

Introduction

Since 2011, The Legal Aid Society’s Exploitation Intervention Project has represented thousands of individuals, mostly women, charged with prostitution-related offenses across all five New York City boroughs, both before and since the implementation of the human trafficking intervention courts (HTICs), a statewide prostitution diversion court initiative.1 EIP provides direct representation and comprehensive services to people charged with prostitution-related offenses and survivors of trafficking facing prosecution for other offenses in New York City’s criminal courts.In addition to its advocacy in the HTICs, EIP seeks “vacatur,” or clearing, of prostitution-related and other associated offenses from past and present clients’ criminal records when it is understood that those offenses occurred as a result of human trafficking. EIP has been spearheading vacatur efforts for trafficking survivors across New York State and the rest of the country. To date, EIP has used New York’s vacatur law to clear 1,255 criminal convictions for trafficking survivors. From 2015 to 2016, EIP attorneys collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, victimization histories, and service needs...

Race, Sex, and Criminal Homicide Offender-Victim Relationships

January 20, 2019August 24, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Recent research has expanded our understanding of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs). However, little exists beyond case reports for older SHOs. We characterized male SHOs ≥ 55 years, comparing them to typical adult male SHOs who are in their twenties. Analysis of 37 years (1976–2012) of U.S. Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) data provided a large SHO sample (N = 3, 453). Three case reports provide clinical context for the diverse nature and patterns of older SHOs. Only 32 older male SHOs and no older female SHOs were identified. Murders by older SHOs accounted for only 0.5% of U.S. sexual homicides. Unlike typical SHOs that generally target young adult females, over two thirds of older SHO victims were ≥ 40 years, and one-third were ≥ 55 years. Sexual homicides by older SHOs, like sexual homicide in general, decreased over the study period. These crimes, while exceedingly rare, do occur, warranting special consideration.

See Also: Sexual Homicide by Older Male Offenders