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Police Surveillance

Editorial. Surveillance Studies: Understanding Visibility, Mobility And The Phenetic Fix.

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Abstract

Surveillance studies is described as a cross-disciplinary initiative to understand the rapidly increasing ways in which personal details are collected, stored, transmitted, checked, and used as means of influencing and managing people and populations. Surveillance may involve physical watching, but today it is more likely to be automated. Thus it makes personal data visible to organizations, even if persons are in transit, and it also allows for comparing and classifying data. Because this has implications for inequality and for justice, surveillance studies also has a policy and a political dimension.

Introduction

At the start of the twenty-first century it is clear that ‘surveillance studies’ is a rapidly developing field of analysis and theory. Diverse practices and processes for dealing with personal data are multiplying, and the speed with which records can be accessed is accelerating. The old top-heavy bureaucracies of the earlier twentieth century are being replaced with computerized and networked systems. While it should be noted that some surveillance relies on physical...

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Police Surveillance

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New developments in police surveillance are getting a lot of attention. Many people are, of course, impressed by the eye-popping gear which, not long ago, was available only to science fiction writers. But more importantly, today’s surveillance technology is making a difference. For example, surveillance cameras on city streets and in crime-ravaged neighborhoods help provide a safer environment because criminals prefer not to have an audience, especially one that might include officers and jurors. As one commentator observed, “With their long-range and wide-area monitoring capabilities, surveillance cameras have a significant deterring effect, and have helped police foil many of the crimes that take place in public such as vandalism, mugging, car theft, drug distribution, and drive-by shooting.” As a result, surveillance cameras are becoming somewhat commonplace, especially in cities. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, “The trend is unmistakable in the Bay Area: San Jose is seeking four cameras downtown. Oakland recently bought about a dozen. Pittsburg has installed 13 cameras, plus a live-monitoring room.”

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Community Acceptance Of Helicopter Noise: Criteria And Application

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SUMMARY

A study was conducted to define those criteria necessary for civil helicopter operations to be acoustically acceptable to the communities from which they operate and over which they fly. The study involved surveying existing domestic and foreign Federal regulations and guidelines, state and local noise ordinances, results of community noise annoyance studies, and results of individual aircraft noise annoyance studies in order to establish the criteria. The final criteria selected are based on the Day-Night Noise Level, %u, a measure of total noise exposure. weighted sound pressure level (dBA) which has accuracy comparable to other units currently used for aircraft. An Lterion for areas where the ambient noise is below 58 dBA. 2 dBA above the local ambient is recommended for areas where the ambient is above 58 dBA. source (such as aircraft operations) is less than the existing ambient noise energy. Characteristics found important for aircraft noise rating such as tone content, duration, and number of operations have been accounted for....

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