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Principles Of Stratigraphy

The Supreme Court Committee On Standard Jury Instructions In Criminal Cases

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THE GRAND JURY AS AN ACCUSING AND INVESTIGATING BODY
Our constitution provides that no person shall be brought to trial for a capital crime except upon indictment of a grand jury. This means that no one may be prosecuted for a capital crime except by a vote of the grand jury. Except for capital crimes, the state attorney (or the statewide prosecutor) may initiate all other criminal charges. The grand jury of course may indict for any crime that the evidence justifies. The wisdom of leaving to the state attorney (or the statewide prosecutor) the bringing of charges as to crimes less than capital crimes and traffic violations is readily apparent. If the grand jury was required to initiate the prosecution of less serious crimes through indictment, the grand jury would be so overwhelmed with complaints that it could not perform its more important duties. Charges of crime may be brought to your attention in several ways: by the court; by the state attorney (or the...

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Principles Of Stratigraphy

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Stratigraphy is That branch of geology that deals with formation, composition, sequence, and correlation of stratified rocks. Since the whole Earth is stratified, at least in a broad sense, bodies of all the different types of rocks—igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic—are subject to stratigraphic study and analysis. In most cases however, stratigraphy focuses on the evaluation of sedimentary rock strata. Modern principles of stratigraphic analysis were worked out in the 18th and 19th centuries by geologists such as Niels Stensen, James Hutton, Georges Cuvier, William Smith and Charles Lyell. By 1900 all the intellectual tools needed to establish the description, sequence, and correlation of strata were in place. Shortly after 1900, the tools needed to establish the absolute age of minerals containing unstable radioisotopes also became available, giving stratigraphers a physical basis for making chronostratigraphic correlations, at least in certain, favourable stratigraphic situations. Since the 1950’s effort has also been expended in establishing international standards for stratigraphic nomenclature, usage of stratigraphic terms, and the internationally agreed...

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