- Lightning Hypertext of Disease.
The Lightning Hypertext of Disease. © 1991-1996, Pathology Informatics, Inc. Search date and time: Mon Nov 25 23:15:48 EST 1996 Input Search String: !semen! Search word semen: 12 hits. Combined (Boolean-and) Word-Count: 12 hits.
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* Information Screen: 1 for: semen ###3557 RAPE SPECIMEN INTERPRETATION: BLOOD GROUPS. Secretor versus non secretor. Peptidase A. Phosphoglucomutase. Glyoxalase 1. ABO blood type. If the assailant is a secretor, then he will secrete his blood group antigens into his semen. Approximately 80% of people are secretors, and this can be determined on a suspect by analysis of the saliva. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 2 for: semen ###3558 RAPE SPECIMEN INTERPRETATION: ACID PHOSPHATASE AND P30. Endogenous vaginal acid phosphatase is present in low concentrations so high levels are proof of ejaculation. Acid phosphatase usually remains active for up to 12 hours after ejaculation. P30 is a glycoprotein that is semen-specific. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 3 for: semen ###3559 RAPE SPECIMEN INTERPRETATION: SPERMATOZOA. No evidence of ejaculation may be found; however, this does not disprove rape. Ejaculation is not required to prove rape. A condom may have been worn. Spermatozoa may be absent if a condom is worn or if the assailant has aspermia (primary or secondary, e.g., vasectomy). Spermatozoa may be identified in semen for: Motile up to 6 hours usually, and very occasionally, up to as long as 24 hour after ejaculation. Non-motile sperm for up to 3 days, and fragments have been reported identifiable in refrigerated bodies for up to 9 days although this is unusual. Dried spermatozoa on clothes etc. are well preserved for months or more. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 4 for: semen ###3844 SEROLOGY. DNA fingerprints. Blood (is it of human origin and what is the group). Blood group on saliva, semen. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 5 for: semen ###3998 CONTIG MAPS. This technique is used as a techniqe for high resolution physical mapping of the human genome. It involves cutting the chromosome into small pieces that are inserted in a cloned library. The fragments in the clone library vary in size from 10,000 bp to 1 Mb. Overlapping clones (contigs) can be detected with fingerprint, map, sequence or hybridization techniques. A contig map is a linked library of small overlapping clones, representing a complete segment of a chromosome. Contig maps rarely extend over very large stretches of chromosome, because some segments of chromosomes are not clonable. In other words, contig maps cover small sements of a chromosome well, but leave big gaps between the covered segments. Human Genome Management Information System. The Primer on Molecular Genetics. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN, p. 14, 1992. key words: genetics, DNA, mapping, jb
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* Information Screen: 6 for: semen ###7815 GENE MAP. semenogelin I Chromosome 20q12-q13.2 GDB – Johns Hopkins University, at Internet ftp site ftp.gdb.org /gdb-reports/gene-names/text Sat Dec 16, 1995. key words: human genome database, JB
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* Information Screen: 7 for: semen ###7816 GENE MAP. semenogelin II Chromosome 20q12-q13.2 senescence (cellular)- Chromosome 4 related 1 GDB – Johns Hopkins University, at Internet ftp site ftp.gdb.org /gdb-reports/gene-names/text Sat Dec 16, 1995. key words: human genome database, JB
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* Information Screen: 8 for: semen ###11064 PSA IS SEMEN PROTEIN 30. The authors conclude that PSA and the semen protein p30 are identical. Both can be easily purified by a described technique. Graves HC, Kamarei M, Stamey TA. Identity of prostate specific antigen and the semen protein P30 purified by a rapid chromatography technique. Journal of Urology 144:1510-1515, 1990. key words: prostate, psa, marker, ppp, JB
The Lightning Hypertext of Disease. © 1991-1996 Pathology Informatics, Inc. DISCLAIMER: Not for diagnostic or treatment purposes. For health professionals only.
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* Information Screen: 1 ###3779 MEDICOLEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INCISED WOUNDS. Sharp force at site of injury. May indicate manner of death: on wrists may be suicidal, on the inside of the hands and ulnar aspect of arm = defense wounds, on the back = assault, on the neck suicide or homicide, etc. Determine all structures in the wound tract, nerves, vessels etc. Attempt to assess what type of instrument was used. Length and width, remembering that tissues are elastic and compressible. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 2 ###3780 SHARP FORCE INJURIES. Area of application of force is small. The concentrated force allows deep penetration of tissues. Penetration limited by the resistance of the tissue. Well defined edge. Linear, curved or angled. Edges are not undermined. No tissue bridges. Usually no foreign material in wound. Accidental. Suicidal. Homicidal. Therapeutic or diagnostic. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 3 ###3781 MEDICOLEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LACERATIONS. Blunt force. Type of instrument. Differentiate from incised wound. (look for tissue bridges). Attempt to determine direction of force and examine wound for foreign material. Underlying injury may be present. Fat emboli can occur after laceration of adipose tissue. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 4 ###3782 LACERATIONS. Wound with irregular edges caused by tearing of the tissues by blunt force. Superficial or deep. Lacerations can occur where tissue is caught between blunt object and bone as on the skull. Lacerated wounds of the abdomen are rare. Bruising around wound. Undermining of wound edges. Tissue bridges in wound. These are small blood vessels, nerves, and fibrous tissue that resisted tearing. Loss of hair around wound. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 5 ###3783 MEDICOLEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BRUISES. Blunt force. May indicate area and amount of force (not accurate). Differentiate bruises from postmortem lividity, (intravascular) putrefaction hemolysis, and a by microscopic examination. Evaluate ages of bruises especially if they appear different. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 6 ###3784 MISCELLANEOUS BRUISES. Defense bruises are seen overlying the ulnar and on the dorsum of fingers and knuckles. Iatrogenic bruises seen around needle puncture sites, on the sternum after testing level of consciousness and other therapeutic and resuscitative procedures. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 7 ###3785 IMPRESSION BRUISES. Impression of an eject seen in the bruise, but due to slow formation and spread of bruises not often as well defined as imprint abrasions. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 8 ###3786 PERIORBITAL HEMATOMA. `Black eye’ is often from direct trauma. Bilateral hematomas may suggest base of skull fracture or blood seeped down facial plane from above the hair line anteriorly. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 9 ###3787 TRAMLINE BRUISE. 2 parallel bruises separated by a thin area of normal skin. Caused by force from a thin long object (stick, ruler), which as it strikes, compresses the central tissue, and stretches the tissue on each side rupturing capillaries. The tramlines may meet at one end which probably represents the end of the object. This area often is more severely bruised or lacerated. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 10 ###3788 FACTORS AFFECTING BRUISE FORMATION. Color of the skin. Less easily identified on dark skin. Anatomic area. Skin over loose adipose tissue bruises easily, while skin over muscular and firm connective tissue is more resistant, as the blood vessels are better supported. Bruises spread along fascial planes, and are affected by gravity so bruise may appear at a site remote from the injury. Age. Young and old bruise more easily. Sex. Women bruise more easily due to greater content of subcutaneous fat. Disease. Bleeding disorders. Liver pathology. Acute alcoholic intoxication. Congestion of vessels lead to large bruises. Malnutrition. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 11 ###3789 BRUISES. Areas of extravasated blood in tissue after disruption of blood vessels by blunt force. Limited or extensive, and lead to hematoma formation. Bruising may occur in hypostatic areas postmortem. Bruise may spread to cover a large area and is not an accurate method of determining area of force application. Color changes of the hemoglobin from blue -> green -> yellow, allows an estimate of the age of the bruise. Most bruises will disappear in approximately 15 days. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 12 ###3790 MEDICOLEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ABRASIONS. Indicates force applied. May indicate origin of force, e.g., ligature mark. Aging of abrasions histologically may indicate multiple assaults. Material found on abrasions (glass, paint, etc) may be matched to object later so retain as evidence. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 13 ###3791 ANT ABRASIONS. These are not abrasions but have the same appearance. Post mortem artifact caused by ants eating away the superficial layers of skin leaving a hard irregular surface, similar to sandpaper. Most often around the mouth and eyes. Not to be confused with true abrasions. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 14 ###3792 BRUSH BURNS. Extensive severe abrasions caused by large areas being dragged over a surface. Automobile dragging pedestrian. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 15 ###3793 FRICTION ABRASIONS. Localized force passing in a linear fashion over the skin. Ligature marks. Hanging. Whip marks. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 16 ###3794 IMPRINT ABRASIONS. The object striking the body leaves and abraded imprint. Belt buckles. Automobile radiators. Tire marks. The imprint will not be an exact match to the object as the skin is elastic. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 17 ###3795 SCRATCHES. Abrasion. Linear. Sharp object. Scratches from fingernails have a particular pattern: begin with a broad base and fade away at the end. Semicircular marks may be seen (not always). Fingernail scratches may be made by assailant and victim while attempting to defend himself from the attack (fingernail scratches in strangulation are often the victims trying to remove ligature. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 18 ###3796 ABRASIONS. Wounds of the skin where the surface has been abraded off. Caused by rough or sharp surfaces moving past the skin, often over a large area. Superficial or deep. Accidental. Intentional during assault or homicide. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 19 ###3797 BLUNT FORCE INJURIES. Force is applied to a large area, causing lacerations, abrasions, bruises. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 20 ###3798 MECHANICAL FORCE. Injury results from mechanical force when the energy transferred to the body is sufficient to bend, rotate, stretch the tissue beyond its elastic limits and disruption occurs. The injury depends on: The length of application of the force. The area affected. The quantity of force. The tissue affected by the force. key words: forensic, DF
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* Information Screen: 21 ###3799 WOUND. Disruption of anatomic continuity caused by the application of force. key words: forensic, DF