Vehicle Shooting

Abstract

This paper proposes an ITS system that uses not only integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying technologies, but also users’ mobility profiles. It focuses on a subsystem where cellular bandwidth is used mostly for control signals, and an ad hoc distribution network (ADN) is used for file downloading and video streaming. The paper formulates an optimization problem with the objective being to maximize the amount of data to be delivered to a moving vehicles via the ADN, and thereby minimizing the usage of the costly cellular bandwidth for data transfer. Three approaches based on non-linear and linear programs are described and compared, and simulation results indicate that a satisfying performance for file download applications can be achieved.

I. INTRODUCTION

We envision an architecture for ITS in metropolitan areas that integrates the cellular and ad hoc relaying technologies. The proposed architecture, called iCAR-MOPA 1 , will provide various services to vehicles, which include file downloading, stored or real-time video streaming, and customized traffic...

Introduction

The subject of the use of deadly force against the drivers and occupants of moving motor vehicles has become an increasingly troublesome and controversial topic. Sometimes officers have used such force when the driver was accelerating the vehicle towards or near an officer. Some high profile cases in which vehicle drivers or passengers have died or suffered substantial injuries have resulted in large civil liability awards or settlements, such as the $7 million settlement in the Sean Bell case in New York. On the other hand, there certainly have also been instances in which police officers have been seriously injured or even killed by an oncoming vehicle either ignoring the officer’s orders to halt or even intentionally targeting the officer for harm, using the vehicle as a weapon. Indeed, in the Sean Bell case, one of the officers was, in fact, struck by the vehicle driven by Bell. A number of municipal police departments have adopted policies that restrict or prohibit...