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Ad Hoc Arsenals PSSM Practices of Selected Non-state Actors

February 18, 2019August 9, 2017 by admin

The physical security and stockpile management (PSSM) of small arms and light weapons and their associated ammunition is a topic of growing interest to researchers and policy-makers. In recent years the Small Arms Survey and other research organizations have examined national (government) PSSM practices and international standards. These analyses have shed new light on the strengths and shortcomings of existing controls and the dangers associated with poor PSSM. With some notable exceptions,1the PSSM practices adopted by armed groups have received far less attention. Yet their arsenals often contain similar weapons and ammunition to those of government arsenals and cause similar problems when not properly secured or maintained. The small arms and light weapons held by armed groups pose multiple threats. Weapons that are lost or stolen from poorly secured stockpiles can fuel conflict and violent crime, both locally and abroad. Poor stockpile management practices can also lead to or fail

Malingering – Presentations of Malingered Psychiatric Symptoms

February 17, 2019August 14, 2017 by admin

Malingering is a forensic topic that is also relevant to most nonforensic clinicians. Almost every experienced psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist has wrestled with, or wondered about, patients who appear to be faking symptoms in order to gain something of obvious value (or avoid something obviously painful). In this column, I will focus on malingered psychiatric or neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the definitions given below apply to malingered general medical symptoms as well. It’s Not Munchausen’s or “Psychosomatic” Take out a copy of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)1 and look at the small, but very important, differences among malingering, factitious syndromes, and somatoform syndromes (Table 1). Although these concepts are often confused, it’s easy to separate them once you understand that malingering refers to feigning or significantly exaggerating symptoms for a conscious gain or purpose, * factitious refers to feigning symptoms for a largely or wholly unconscious

Cold-Case Investigations An Analysis of Current Practices and Factors Associated with Successful Outcomes

February 17, 2019August 14, 2017 by admin

Introduction

With modern clearance rates (which represent the proportion of cases solved divided by the number of cases opened during a given time period) far below those in the 1960s and DNA forensic technology having improved, law enforcement agencies have shown increasing interest in attempting to solve homicides and other serious crimes that seemed intractable during initial investigation, in what are called cold-case investigations. Fueled by the popularity of television shows focusing on forensic investigation, such cold-case investigations have captured the imagination of the American public, and cold-case investigations have become increasingly commonplace in law enforcement agencies. Yet, despite the increasing number of cold-case units and the expenditure of significant resources to fund them, we know virtually nothing about the return on this investment. Does it make sense for law enforcement agencies to devote significant resources to solving cold cases, or are those resources better deployed in solving recent cases? How can agencies ..

Radicalization of Teacher Education Programs in the United StatesNine Essays

February 17, 2019August 9, 2017 by admin

Introduction

These nine essays chronicle prominent examples where the advancement of radical agendas has displaced the development of subject-content mastery in America’s schools of education.Institutional racism, redistributionist ideology, resisting oppression, and equipping teachers with the tools to transform their students’ perspectives each of these factor heavily into the entrenched indoctrination to which many education school candidates must prepare to expose themselves. Reading lists of prospective teachers are top-heavy with near-cult figures for the Left, such as Brazilian Marxist Paulo Freire and revisionist historian Howard Zinn. The examples described in this paper are steeped in these and other agendas. Proponents of these agendas are not difficult to find within education school communities. And at national and regional conferences held by organizations like the Institute for Research on Race and Public Policy and the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME), workshop titles and painted banners proclaim their intentions in bold strokes.

Opiates In Litigation: Risk of Death and Addiction

February 17, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

I. Introduction

Opiates are primarily used for treatment of pain. Opiates join with opiate receptors in the body and provide analgesia. Morphine is considered the primary opiate and the other opiates are compared to Morphine for potency and pharmacokinetics. Opiate receptors are throughout the body and a primary site of opiate induced action occurs in the brain. Hardman & Limbird, Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 569-620 (10th ed 2001).

The primary opiates include morphine, methadone, hydrocodone and oxycodone. Opiates therapy may be administered in tablet form by mouth. This is usually the route of therapy for non- malignant pain. However, therapy can also be provided by patches, such as Duragesic patches which release the opiate fentanyl. Also, opiates can be administered intravenously in a hospital setting, usually for malignant pain. Additionally, opiates can be administered by an intrathecal pump directly into the spinal cord for outpatient treatment of spinal pain. Most of the cases ..

The Relationship Between Number Of Toys, Infant Distractibility, And Mothers’ Teaching Utterances

February 17, 2019August 9, 2017 by admin

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the number of toys in an infant’s play environment, infant’s distractibility, and how often a mother teaches her infant during a play session. This study takes samples from videotapes of 12-month old children playing with their mothers during a 5 minute free-play situation. Twenty-two mother and infant pairs were selected for this study based on their previous participation in a language study. The measures used in this study were: (1) the number of maternal teaching utterances to her infant; (2) the total number of utterances that mother used during the playsession with the child; (3) the number of toys that were visible in the room; (4) the factors that distracted the infant during the play session; and (5) the type of toy the infant choses to engage with.

Remorse, Apology, and Mercy

February 17, 2019August 6, 2017 by admin

I. INTRODUCTION

It is commonly even if not universally believed that the very worst of evildoers are those who are utterly without remorse for the evil that they have done an absence often understandably inferred from their unwillingness to express remorse by apologizing or begging forgiveness or by their not engaging in appropriate non-verbal expressive behavior seeking out punishment, for example. Such absence of remorse may, in the words of Wislawa Szymborska, be a “sign of bestiality” or, in the phrase of Seamus Heaney, reveal them as “malignant by nature.” In the legal world, such judgments can be found at various points in the criminal process—where absence of remorse may be cited as an aggravating factor that legitimately should incline us to greater harshness and certainly not to greater compassion or mercy. Here are a few examples one from a clemency decision, one from a prosecuting attorney’s argument at the sentencing stage of a criminal trial, one from a trial judge justifying a sentence, one from a

Foresight of Murder and Complicity in Unlawful Joint Enterprises Where Death Results

February 17, 2019August 13, 2017 by admin

Abstract

In this article, the central or principal issue for consideration is the appropriate standard that should be adopted at common law for foresight of consequences at common law where death has arisen out of an unlawful joint enterprise and the complicity or otherwise of a secondary party is in issue. Although the discussion is focussed upon the common law, the same issues of principle and policy arise in relation to potential reforms of the ’common purpose’ rule under the Criminal Codes.

In this article, the central or principal issue for consideration is the appropriate standard that should be adopted at common law for foresight of consequences at common law where death has arisen out of an unlawful joint enterprise and the complicity or otherwise of a secondary party is in issue. Although the discussion is focussed upon the common law, the same issues of principle and policy arise in relation to potential reforms of the ’common purpose’ rule under the Criminal Codes...

Multiple Victim Public Shootings

February 17, 2019August 1, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Few events obtain the same instant worldwide news coverage as multiple victim public shootings. These crimes allow us to study the alternative methods used to kill a large number of people (e.g., shootings versus bombings), marginal deterrence and the severity of the crime, substitutability of penalties, private versus public methods of deterrence and incapacitation, and whether attacks produce “copycats.” The criminals who commit these crimes are also fairly unusual, recent evidence suggests that about half of these criminals have received a “formal diagnosis of mental illness, often schizophrenia.” Yet, economists have not studied multiple victim shootings. Using data that extends until 1999 and includes the recent public school shootings, our results are surprising and dramatic. While arrest or conviction rates and the death penalty reduce “normal” murder rates and these attacks lead to new calls from more gun control, our results find that the only policy factor to have a consistently significant influence on multiple victim public shootings is the passage of

South Carolina Attotney General Re: Proposed “Sheriffs First” Legislation.

February 17, 2019August 11, 2017 by admin

The proposed legislation requires federal employees who would act in a county for the purpose of making federal arrests, searches or seizures, and who are not designated by South Carolina law as South Carolina peace officers, to first obtain ·written permission from the county sheriff or designee of the county sheriff in which the arrest, search or seizure will occur. The legislation also provides that the county sheriff or designee of the county sheriff "may refuse permission for any reason that the sheriff or designee considers sufficient." An exception exists when the arrest, search or seizure will take place on a federal enclave for which jurisdiction has been ceded to the United States by a South Carolina statute. A federal employee may also obtain written permission from the South Carolina Attorney General, who also "may refuse the permission for any reason that the attorney general considers sufficient." The legislation sets forth information which must be included in the request for written permission, including the name of...

Motivated Thinking

February 17, 2019August 6, 2017 by admin

At one time or another, every one of us has engaged in “wishful thinking,” or “let our hearts influence our heads.” That is, every one of us has felt the effects of our motivations on our thought processes. Given this common everyday experience, it is not surprising that an essential part of early psychological research was the idea that drives, needs, desires, motives, and goals can profoundly influence judgment and reasoning. More surprising is that motivational variables play only a small role in current theories of reasoning. Why might this be? One possible explanation is that since the cognitive revolution in the 1960s and 1970s, researchers studying motivational and cognitive processes have been speaking somewhat different languages. That is, there has been a general failure to connect traditional motivational concepts, such as drives or motives, to information processing concepts, such as expectancies or spreading activation, which form the foundation for nearly all contemporary research on thinking and reasoning.

Husband-Wife Homicide: An Essay from A Family Law Perspective

February 16, 2019August 12, 2017 by admin

Homicide traditionally has been a matter between family, acquaintances, and friends.' This fact is not particularly surprising, given the reasonable expectation that one would have more reason to kill an acquaintance than a stranger. It would seem to follow that spouses and other intimates would have the most reason of all to kill each other. Yet we recoil from the very idea, clinging to the belief that intimate relationships are characterized by tenderness and love. That they are not always so characterized is evident in the fact of spousal violence and homicide. Most homicides are committed with firearms, and these weapons also play a role in the more specialized group of homicides that occur between spouses. One goal of all gun control proposals is to reduce the overall number of homicides by reducing the number of homicides committed with firearms. A particularly poignant subissue, however, is how to keep people from killing...

Law Enforcement Infrastructure Challenges

February 16, 2019August 6, 2017 by admin

Law enforcement in the United States in neither centrally directed nor homogenous. As such, it does not readily fit the definition of infrastructure set out in the report of the Critical Infrastructure Working Group. Local, State and Federal law enforcement agencies have their own (and sometimes unique) geographic and statutory jurisdictions, as well as operating procedures that may or may not overlap or coincide. The Attorney General is the chief Federal law enforcement officer and has authority to oversee the activities of Federal law enforcement agencies and Federal efforts to provide assistance to local law enforcement authorities. However, no Federal authority exists to oversee the activities of non-Federal law enforcement agencies. Because of the diversity and redundancy of the U.S. law enforcement structure, there appears to be almost no realistic vulnerability or group of vulnerabilities that could debilitate the entire law enforcement system through physical attack. This said, there are four areas examined in this paper which may prove to be

Factors of Attraction and Relationship Satisfaction: The Love-is-Blind Bias and Perceived Risk of Infidelity

February 15, 2019August 8, 2017 by admin

Abstract

Attraction and relationship satisfaction have been topics of increased investigation over the past several decades (Yela & Sangrador, 2001; Buss & Schmitt, 1993; Hall & Taylor, 1976). The love-is-blind bias hypothesizes that individuals within fulfilling relationships exhibit the phenomenon of rating their partner’s attractiveness higher than self-ratings of their own attractiveness, a product of positive partner illusions (Swami & Furnham, 2008; Gagné, & Lydon, 2004). Using the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and novel measures for attraction and perceived infidelity, this study applied the love-is-blind hypothesis against relationship satisfaction and perceived risk of infidelity. The creation of two new subscales for measuring the love-is-blind bias, self-perceived love-is-blind bias (SPB) and externally-perceived love-is-blind bias (EPB) were instrumental in computations. Significant positive interactions between both scales of the love-is-blind bias and both attraction, and relationship satisfaction were found. Perceived risk of infidelity was negatively related to all positive scales. The findings suggest a system of interactions among the love-is-blind bias, perceived risk of infidelity, relationship

Self-Disclosure and Starting a Close Relationship

February 15, 2019August 10, 2017 by admin

Abstract

In this chapter we examine various topics about self-disclosure and starting a relationship. We examine how background factors (e.g., culture, personality, and gender) and communication medium (e.g., face-to-face versus Internet communication) influence self-disclosure at the start of a relationship. We show how self-disclosure is incorporated into conversations to intensify or restrict intimacy and closeness between new acquaintances. We describe how the reactions of the disclosure recipient and the discloser to self-disclosure input assist new acquaintances to assess feelings of intimacy for one another and whether or not to seek a closer relationship. We also illustrate how a relationship-building exercise incorporating self-disclosure may increase feelings of closeness between new acquaintances. First, let us define self-disclosure and review influential, early approaches about the role of self-disclosure at the start of a relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved

See Also: Self-disclosure and starting a close relationship.

Collapsible Corporations in a Nutshell

February 14, 2019August 13, 2017 by Cyril

INTRODUCTION

SECTION 331(a) (1) of the Internal Revenue Code provides that a complete liquidation of a corporation is to be treated by a shareholder as a sale of his stock, and section 334(a) provides that a shareholder's basis for property acquired on a liquidation is its fair market value at the time of distribution. These long-established rules led to the tax avoidance device known as the "collapsible corporation" with which the Treasury Department has long been concerned.! In 1950, Congress enacted a provision designed to deal with this form of tax avoidance,2 the predecessor of section 341 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. This article will examine the device known as the" collapsible corporation, " the manner in which section 341 has been used to prevent the conversion of ordinary income into capital gain, and the problems flowing from this provision. As will be seen, section 341 reaches a good many corporations besides those at...