searchfortruth.info > Blog > 2017 > August > Page 15

Month: August 2017

Deception And Dating: Knowledge Of Tactics May Improve Detection Accuracy

by

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of occupational stress on self-disclosure levels in married couples. Occupational stress is the strain and anxiety a person experiences about their career, which might impact self-disclosure levels. This study predicts marital self-disclosure will be negatively affected by increased occupational stress. Self-disclosure was measured with the Marital Self-Disclosure Questionnaire (Waring, Holden, & Wesley, 1998). Krantz’s Jobs Rated Almanac (2002) was used to evaluate occupational stress. This study recruited 40 married participants. Results showed a non-significant correlation between self-disclosure and occupational stress. Limitations and future research are discussed. The Effects of Occupational Stress on Marital Self-Disclosure We smile at the elder couple, dressed alike, holding hands walking down the street. Everyone wants to meet that one person they are destined to be with to become their husband or wife. Couples aspire to be the cute older couple smooching under the shade tree in thirty years. There is a social cliché with being...

Read More!

Modeling Self-Deception within a Decision-Theoretic Framework

by

Abstract.

Computational modeling of human belief maintenance and decision-making processes has become increasingly important for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we present a framework for modeling the human capacity for self-deception from a decision-theoretic perspective in which we describe processes for determining a desired belief state, the biasing of internal beliefs towards the desired belief state, and the actual decision-making process based upon the integrated biases. Furthermore, we show that in some situations self-deception can be beneficial.

1 Introduction

A mother has been shown seemingly incontrovertible evidence of her son’s guilt. Although the information is provided by reliable sources, the mother continues to proclaim her son’s innocence. This illustrates an important characteristic of human belief maintenance: that our beliefs are not formed merely by the evidence at hand. Rather, desires and intentions interfere with the processes that access, form and maintain beliefs and thereby bias our reasoning.Research on...

Read More!

Police Response to Emotionally Disturbed Persons: Analyzing New Models of Police Interactions With the Mental Health System

by

Abstract:

Birmingham's Community Service Officer program (Alabama) uses in-house mental health specialists employed by the police department to handle police contacts that involve emotionally disturbed persons. Knoxville's mobile mental health crisis unit (Tennessee) uses community mental health-based crisis teams in coordination with the police department. The Memphis Crisis Intervention Team (Tennessee) is composed of sworn officers with special training in mental health issues. A primary focus of this study was to examine the extent to which use of a pre-booking diversion program is associated with a "specialized" police response (in contrast to a general dispatcher call) and with reductions in the arrest of people with mental illness. The study was also interested in how police officers perceived the specialized response used by their department, as well as in what factors might be associated with their differential effectiveness ratings. Based on how the two pre-booking programs and the traditional mobile mental health crisis team performed and...

See Also: Police Response to Emotionally Disturbed Persons: Analyzing New Models of Police Interactions With the Mental Health System

Read More!

Mental Illness as a Barrier to Marriage Among Mothers With Out-of-Wedlock Births

by

Abstract: This study explored how mental illness shapes transitions to marriage among unwed mothers using augmented data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. We estimated proportional hazard models to assess the effects of mental illness on the likelihood of marriage over a five year period following a non-marital birth. History of diagnosed mental illness was obtained from the survey respondents' prenatal medical records. We found that mothers with diagnosed mental illness were about two thirds as likely to marry as mothers without mental illness, even after controlling for demographic characteristics, and that the association is explained little by measures of human capital, relationship stability, partner selection, cognitive ability, and substance use.

One third of births in the United States are to unmarried parents. The proportions are considerably higher than that for minority parents. While many unmarried mothers eventuallymarry (82 percent of whites, 62 percent of Hispanics, and 59 percent of blacks, according to Graefe and Lichter 2002)...

Read More!

Civilian Approaches To Interrogation

by

At the close of the 1963 term, the United States Supreme Court decided two cases involving the relationship between police interrogation of a suspected criminal offender and the sixth amendment right to counsel. In Massiah v. United States,1 it was held that, once indicted, the defendant is entitled to the assistance of counsel, and that incriminating statements elicited from the accused during this period may not be admitted into evidence; subsequently, the Court held in Escobedo v. Illinois' that the accused may not be denied the assistance of counsel during the interrogation stage of a police investigation, even though he has not yet been formally charged.

The sixth amendment to the Federal Constitution provides: "In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right ... to have the assistance of Counsel for his defense."' It is a source of protection to the accused in Federal, and, through the fourteenth amendment, state proceedings as well...

See Also: The Right to Counsel during Police Interrogation: The Aftermath of Escobedo (3957 downloads )

Read More!

Behavioral Conformation in the Interrogation Room: On the Dangers of Presuming Guilt

by

A two-phased experiment tested the hypothesis that the presumption of guilt that underlies police interrogations activates a process of behavioral confirmation. In Phase I, 52 suspects guilty or innocent of a mock theft were questioned by 52 interrogators led to believe that most suspects were guilty or innocent. Interrogators armed with guilty as opposed to innocent expectations selected more guilt-presumptive questions, used more interrogation techniques, judged the suspect to be guilty, and exerted more pressure to get a confession--particularly when paired with innocent suspects. In Phase II, neutral observers listened to audiotapes of the suspect, interrogator, or both. They perceived suspects in the guilty expectations condition as more defensive--and as somewhat more guilty. Results indicate that a presumption of guilt sets in motion a process of behavioral confirmation by which expectations influence the interrogator's behavior, the suspect's behavior, and ultimately the judgments of neutral observers.

Read More!

Characterization Of The Volatile Organic Compounds Present In The Headspace Of Decomposing Human Remains

by

ABSTRACT

Law enforcement agencies frequtly use canines trained to detect the odor of human decomposition to aid in detuermining the location of clandestine burials and human remains deposited or scattered on the surface. However, few studies attempt to identify the specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that elicit an appropriate response from victim recovery (VR) canines. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) War combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify the VOCs released into the headspace associated with 14 separate tissue samples of human remains previously used for VR canine training. The headspace was found to contain various classes of VOCs, including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, and sulfides. Analysis of the data indicates that the VOCs associated with human decomposition share similarities across regions of the body and across types of tissue. However, sufficient differences exist to warrant VR canine testing to identify potential mimic odor chemical profiles that can be used as training aids. The resulting data will assist in the identification of the most...

Read More!

Economic Analysis of the TV Advertising Market

by

This report, commissioned by Ofcom from PwC, combines the latest econometric modelling techniques with industry thinking and expertise to build an economic model of the UK television advertising market. The results update and supplement the work of David Hendry on TV advertising elasticities carried out in 1992. Given the fundamental changes to the TV advertising market since Hendry’s work, this updated model will be of critical importance to future analysis in the TV advertising market. Ofcom is responsible for regulating broadcasting and related services. In order to inform our work in the broadcasting sector, and to develop a strong evidence base for further analysis, Ofcom commissioned PwC to build an econometric model of the UK television advertising market. This model was used to:
• Determine the elasticities for TV advertising on ‘traditional’ channels (channels 3, 4, and 5) and multichannel channels; and
• Produce forecasts of TV net advertising revenue (NAR) to 2014 for traditional and multichannel channels. ...

Read More!

Corporate Sponsorship in the Marketing Curriculum: A Preliminary Investigation

by

Abstract

Corporate sponsorship of sports, the arts, community events, and causes has been recognized as a marketing communications tool. Corporations and organizations have embraced sponsorship as a vital component of their marketing strategy. The use of corporate sponsorship has increased over the last twenty years and it now provides an economic impact nearing $200 billion, when sponsorship fees and related advertising, sales promotions, and client entertaining are included. Yet despite its widespread use among practitioners, sponsorship continues to receive little attention in the academic environment. This study examined the coverage given corporate sponsorship/events marketing in several current promotion/advertising textbooks. Introduction Corporate sponsorship of sports, the arts, entertainment and causes has been recognized as marketing communications tool. In 1986, the International Events Group (IEG,) estimated the amount of sponsorship spending in North America at approximately $1 billion (Ukman, 1996). By 2005, sponsorship, defined as a cash...

Read More!

Murder, Inheritance, and Mental Illness

by

Should a murderer be allowed to inherit the victim’s estate? The question dates from biblical times, but most jurisdictions today have statutes in place that bar inheritance by convicted murderers. However, a special problem arises when the killer has a severe mental illness and has been found not guilty by reason of insanity. Should such people, who have not been convicted of a crime, be permitted to collect their inheritance? Jurisdictions vary in their responses, with the rules reflecting a mix of practical and moral considerations influenced by different perspectives about what determines the behavior of persons with mental illness. (Psychiatric Services 62:707–709, 2011) Have you killed, and also taken possession?” the biblical prophet Elijah asked Ahab, King of Samaria, who with his wife, Jezebel, was being accused of having done precisely that (1). Embodied in Elijah’s question is the...

Read More!

A Theory Of Homicidal Behavior Among Women

by

This theory explains the homicidal behavior of women in a variety of settings. Structural, social, and cultural conditions of modern societies generate strain for all women, which produces negative affect. Women tend to internalize negative affect as guilt and hurt rather than externalize it as anger directed at a target. This results in a situation analogous to over controlled personality, and results in low overall rates of deviance punctuated by occasional instances of extreme violence. The conditions found in long-term abusive relationships and pre- or postpartum are more likely to produce this result, but the theory is not limited to explaining female homicide in these settings. Men commit much more crime—including violent crime—than women. But the homicides women commit exhibit much more consistency in their characteristics and circumstances than do homicides by men (Browne, 1987; Browne and Williams, 1993; Bunch et al., 1983; d'Orban, 1990; Gelles and Cornell, 1985; Goetting, 1987; Jurik and Winn, 1990; Martin, 1981; Walker,

Read More!

South Carolina Attotney General Re: Proposed “Sheriffs First” Legislation.

by

The proposed legislation requires federal employees who would act in a county for the purpose of making federal arrests, searches or seizures, and who are not designated by South Carolina law as South Carolina peace officers, to first obtain ·written permission from the county sheriff or designee of the county sheriff in which the arrest, search or seizure will occur. The legislation also provides that the county sheriff or designee of the county sheriff "may refuse permission for any reason that the sheriff or designee considers sufficient." An exception exists when the arrest, search or seizure will take place on a federal enclave for which jurisdiction has been ceded to the United States by a South Carolina statute. A federal employee may also obtain written permission from the South Carolina Attorney General, who also "may refuse the permission for any reason that the attorney general considers sufficient." The legislation sets forth information which must be included in the request for written permission, including the name of...

Read More!

Researching Corporate Relationships

by

Occasionally, attorneys and other legal professionals may need to identify connections between specific companies or map out the structure of a company. One of the most common reasons to search for this “corporate linkage” data is to identify possible conflicts of interest before taking on new corporate clients; however, a company’s relationships with other entities also may have an impact on how a particular legal matter involving the company is handled. Additionally, attorneys who have successfully represented a subsidiary company may want to use their success with that client as a gateway to marketing their legal service to the parent company. Given the intricate network of relationships that can exist with-in a large company,obtaining a complete picture of a company’s hierarchy can be a daunting task.The availability of corporate linkage information depends on a variety of factors, including whether the company is publicly traded or privately owned, whether it is based inside or outside the United States, and

Read More!

Sport Sponsorship As An Image Development Opportunity For New Brands

by

Abstract

Brand managers are increasingly using sport sponsorships as a marketing communications vehicle. While brand exposure to a target audience is a primary sponsorship goal, many firms also believe a sport association can be an effective way to enhance brand image. This paper attempts to add to our understanding of this topic by examining the role that sponsorships may play in helping to establish the identity of a brand that is new to the marketplace. Specifically, image transfer effects from sport to brand in the case of a new brand were explored. A second goal of the study was to assess the moderating effect that sponsorship level may have on potential image transfer. With the assistance of previous research in the area of brand associations, schema theory, and congruity theory, hypotheses were developed and tested via two experiments. The experimental results indicated that an announced sponsorship possesses the ability to influence initial image perceptions for a new brand.

Read More!

Indoor Firing Ranges Industrial Hygiene Technical Guide

by

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose - This reference guide is intended to provide general information regarding indoor firing ranges (small arms ranges) to assist in recognizing, evaluating and controlling safety and health hazards. The contents are drawn from Federal regulations, Navy instructions, and other technical documents.

1.2 Use - This guide should be useful to range operators, industrial hygienists, safety professionals and technicians in performing range evaluations, understanding conditions that require additional expertise and developing operation and maintenance procedures. 1.2.1 This guide provides the following: 1.2.1.1 General hazard information, 1.2.1.2 General design and operation aspects, 1.2.1.3 Systems and equipment of industrial hygiene concern, 1.2.1.4 General discussion of ventilation design and evaluation, 1.2.1.5 Work practices and recommendations for controlling exposure to hazards and safe operation

Read More!

Serving Survivors of Homicide Victims During Cold Case Investigations:

by

INTRODUCTION

Statement of the Problem

Advancements in DNA technology and other forensic investigative tools have enabled law enforcement agencies to reopen cases left dormant for years. Although the number of cold cases investigated by agencies on a nationwide basis each year is currently not tracked, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) does track the number of offenses cleared. In 2009, 66.6 percent of the 13,242 murder and non-negligent manslaughter crimes in the United States were cleared by arrest or exceptional means.1 While this is a significant clearance rate, it leaves many homicides unsolved each year. In response to the advances in forensic technology, many law enforcement agencies have established cold case units with the hope that reexamining evidence will help solve more crimes. As cases are reopened, investigators are contacting survivors of homicide victims. Although survivors may be grateful that their loved one’s murder has renewed attention, the reopening of a

Read More!