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Month: October 2017

Amnesia for Homicide (“Pedicide”)Its Treatment With Hypnosis

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Abstract

Guttmacher and Weihofen1 have pointed out that "the recollection of crime is often incomplete with a spotty amnesia which may clear up only partially under sodium pentothal or one of the other abreactive drugs." The author will present the cases of two women who murdered their children and subsequently suffered from a complete amnesia for the details of these crimes. In each case the woman had some vague recollection of having killed her child, but had forgotten all of the specific details of the homicide and the surrounding events. The cases are presented for the purpose of elucidating three factors.

1. The phenomenology and some of the causative factors of such crimes.

2. The phenomenology and dynamics of the concurrent amnesia.

3. The usefulness of hypnosis in elucidating factors 1 and 2 by a recovery of the forgotten events.

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Using Hypnosis For Therapeutic Abreactions.

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Abstract

Abreaction, the dramatic reliving of traumatic events under hypnosis, is a powerful therapeutic intervention useful in the treatment of victims of trauma. First systematically applied in World War I, abreaction coupled with psychotherapeutic processing of the recovered material is increasingly being used with victims of child abuse and chronic PTSD. Abreactions are helpful in recovering dissociated or repressed traumatic material, reconnecting missing affect with recalled material and for transforming traumatic memories. Although abreactions can be induced with medications, hypnosis is the method of choice except in acute situations where it is not possible to establish rapport. A variety of hypnotic techniques for the induction and management of abreaction are discussed, together with the indications and contraindications for their use...

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Special Aspects of Crime Scene Interpretation and Behavioral Analysis

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1. INTRODUCTION

Crime scene analysis may lead to different ways of interpretation and classification of a crime investigated. Additional information can be obtained by methods of behavioral analysis where an overall view of the criminal case is provided and conclusions regarding the underlying motive(s) can be drawn (1–10). Behavioral analysis in unsolved homicide cases is playing a more important role in the field of police work (11–13). The method of behavioral analysis was developed in the United States and further developed in different European countries in the late 1980s. Today, it is routine practice for police agencies to perform analytical procedures in unsolved homicide cases in close cooperation with experts from different fields, such as psychiatry, psychology, and forensic pathology. This analytical process should not be confused with offender profiling. The forensic pathologist investigating the death scene and examining the victim’s body will most often contribute valuable information to a careful...

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Defective Social Intelligence as a Factor in Crime

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American Sociological Association

Publisher Description

American Sociological Association Mission Statement:

• Serving Sociologists in Their Work • Advancing Sociology as a Science and Profession • Promoting the Contributions and Use of Sociology to Society

The American Sociological Association (ASA), founded in 1905, is a non-profit membership association dedicated to advancing sociology as a scientific discipline and profession serving the public good. With over 13,200 members, ASA encompasses sociologists who are faculty members at colleges and universities, researchers, practitioners, and students. About 20 percent of the members work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

As the national organization for sociologists, the American Sociological Association, through its Executive Office, is well positioned to provide a unique set of services to its members and to promote the vitality, visibility, and diversity of the discipline. Working at the national and international levels, the Association aims to articulate policy and impleme nt programs likely to have the broadest...

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Interrogations 2013: Safeguarding against False Confessions

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Abstract

False confessions contributed to 40 of the first 250 DNA exonerations. Recognizing that even one wrongful conviction is too many, police, professors, and expert witnesses are interested in what went wrong in those cases, and what can be done to avoid similar mistakes in the future. There is general agreement that a straightforward set of procedural safeguards, already regularly used by many detectives, can protect against future wrongful convictions.Introduction Historically, there has been considerable debate about the causes of wrongful convictions, in part because there was not full agreement about whether the defendants were truly innocent. To learn from cases of wrongful convictions, it is important to identify cases where there is now wide agreement that the persons are actually innocent. Here, the focus is on cases where people were exonerated based on post-conviction DNA tests.We can learn from what went wrong in these cases.Recently, Professor Brandon Garrett focused on confession statements obtained from suspects in police...

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Homicide Followed By Suicide: Remorse Or Revenge?

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Abstract

Homicide is followed by the suicide of the assailant in around 4% of homicide-suicide episodes in England and Wales. The assailant is invariably a man who most commonly kills his spouse and/or children. Shooting is the most common method of suicide and homicide in these cases. It has been asserted that the low rate of homicide and relatively high rate of suicide in killers is a result of English killers internalizing their culture's abhorrence of killing. However, examination of homicide-suicide episodes indicate that in most episodes the decision to commit suicide has been taken before the decision to kill and that only a minority of suicides in assailants are out of remorse. Homicide followed by suicide is a distinct category of homicide which has features that differ from other forms of killing. These episodes are complex and do not reflect simple remorse following the killing. ...

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Sexual Violence Surveillance Uniform Definitions And Recommended Data Elements

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INTRODUCTION

The Problem of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence (SV) is a profound social and public health problem in the United States. The range of experiences that pertain to SV is broad and affects females and males across the lifespan. As will be covered in more detail to follow, SV includes both penetrative and non-penetrative acts as well as non-contact forms. Sexual violence occurs when a perpetrator commits sexual acts without a victim’s consent, or when a victim is unable to consent (e.g., due to age, illness) or refuse (e.g., due to physical violence or threats). According to the

National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS):1 • 1 in 5 women and nearly 1 in 59 men have experienced an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime, defined as penetrating a victim by use of force or through alcohol/drug facilitation; • Approximately 1 in 15 men (6.7%) reported that they...

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The Importance of “Sexual Proprietariness” in Theoretical Framing and Interpretation of Pregnancy-Associated Intimate Partner Violence and Femicide

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Abstract

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by an intimate partner in particular, and those who were physically abused during a pregnancy. Results indicate that women who are physically abused during pregnancy also experience higher levels of all other forms of abuse compared to women who are not pregnant when abused, including nearly twice the level of power and control.

Abstract

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by...

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Combining Police and Probation Information Resources to Reduce Burglary: Testing a Crime Analysis Problem-Solving Approach

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Abstract

This research report describes the joint effort of the Phoenix Police Department (PPD) and the Maricopa County Adult Probation Department (APD) to develop a shared database for use, with GIS mapping, as a crime analysis tool within a formal problem-solving process to reduce crime. The project as originally designed included three components:

1. Construction of a shared database and integration of selected data from the two departments; 2. Collaboration of the departments in a formal, systematic problem-solving process aimed at reducing regional instances of burglary; and 3. Documentation of the above components and an evaluation of their impact on crime, using a quasi-experimental research design.

Evaluators established a quasi-experimental design to test the central proposition that database shared by the police and probation departments and used in crime analysis and problem-solving applications would support greater reductions in crime than would reliance solely on single-agency data....

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Attention Seeking Behaviors

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When a child is not able to get attention from his or her primary caretakers, he or she will do what kids do and act out by saying or doing something that creates some drama. Children do this because negative attention is still attention. We expect this because children are trying to figure out how to do life, and part of their job is to push the boundaries and our buttons.

What we don't expect, and what becomes a big problem in relationships, is when adults act out in this manner. Make no mistake. If you ever say, "I should just kill myself," to see how your partner will respond, it is unquestionably an attention-seeking behavior. And it is one of the unhealthiest actions you can indulge in.

Creating this kind of drama in an adult relationship is at best a sad commentary on an obviously broken communication dynamic. In addition,...

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Indigent Defense: International Perspectives and Research Needs

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The U.S. Constitution guarantees all criminal defendants the right to be represented by counsel. Those defendants who cannot afford a lawyer have the right to have counsel appointed free of charge.[1] A considerable majority of criminal defendants in the United States fall into this category; yet, there are insufficient resources to meet their legal needs.

The American Bar Association (ABA) has characterized the funding for indigent defense services as "shamefully inadequate" and found that the system "lacks fundamental fairness and places poor persons at constant risk for wrongful conviction."[2] Public defenders represent the majority of indigent defendants in nonfederal cases,[3] but public defender offices are significantly understaffed and underfunded. In 2007, the Bureau of Justice Statistics examined caseloads in public defender offices and found that the majority of offices exceeded the recommended number of cases per attorney under the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice's Standards and Goals and employed insufficient numbers of support staff.

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Body Contact and Sexual Enticement

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Abstract

BEING HELD or cuddled may reduce anxiety, promote relaxation and a feeling of security, and provide a distinctive type of gratification. Since women are usually held or cuddled before and after coitus, they can use sex as a means of obtaining this type of body contact. But how often do they do so? And is there a correlation between the intensity of their need for body contact and the frequency with which they use sex to obtain this satisfaction? The answers to these two questions, obtained as part of a larger study on the need for body contact, will be presented in this report.

In the larger study, we found that the need to be held and cuddled, like other needs, varies in intensity from person to person and in the same person from time to time. For most women, body contact is pleasant but not indispensible. At

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Why Killers Take Trophies

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Reliving the Crime Extends the Fantasy

Killers like to take trophies and souvenirs from their victims. Keeping some memento a lock of hair, jewelry, newspaper clips of the crime helps prolong, even nourish, their fantasy of the crime. In my research, I’ve seen this happen again and again.

Here’s what to look for in an investigation: Is there anything missing that belongs to the victim? Often police will mistakenly look for valuable missing items. But I’m not talking about a stereo component that’s an impersonal item. I’m talking about something more personal a ring, earrings, even costume jewelry — something the victim was wearing at the time of the crime.

Maybe they’ll keep the victim’s driver’s license. Some will leave it intact. Others will get rid of everything but the picture, so they just have a little wallet photo of the victim, as if they had some kind of relationship going....

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Claims Of Crime-Related Amnesia In Forensic Patients

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Abstract

Many authors assume that crime-related amnesia arises from the stressful nature of crimes and/or drug intoxication at the time crimes are committed. The current study examined prevalence and correlates of crime-related amnesia in a German (n=180) and a Dutch (n=128) sample of forensic inmates. More specifically, patients claiming amnesia and control patients were compared with regard to their intelligence, criminal backgrounds, and psychiatric diagnoses. In contrast to the popular stress-dissociation interpretation, stressful features of the crime were not found to be related to claims of amnesia. Neither alcohol nor drug intoxication, nor psychotic episodes could fully account for claims of memory loss. Interestingly, amnesia claims were especially prevalent among recidivists. This suggests that such claims are the product of a learning process. Thus, it may well be that those who are familiar with the penal system may have experienced the advantages of claiming amnesia.

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When The Killer Suffers: Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions Following Homicide

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Abstract

Objectives. The present study aimed to consider the extent to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs after homicide and to examine characteristics of the offence and the offender which contribute to the development of these symptoms. It was proposed that type of violence (reactive versus instrumental) would be related to PTSD symptoms. Using Blackburn's typology of violent offenders, it was also hypothesized that primary and secondary psychopath, controlled and inhibited types would demonstrate differing forms of violence, prevalences and patterns of post-traumatic stress symptoms following the homicide.

Method. Eighty homicide perpetrators were allocated equally to the four offender types based on their profiles on the Special Hospitals Assessment of Personality and Socialisation (SHAPS). Each offender completed the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Interview and the violence displayed during the index offence was classified as either reactive or instrumental.

Results. Of the total sample, 52% met criteria for current PTSD. Reactive...

See: https://goo.gl/TCX2ou

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Industries And Occupations At High Risk For Work-Related Homicide.

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Abstract

Homicide is the third leading cause of injury death in the workplace. The death certificate-based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system and estimates of annual employment were used to calculate average annual rates of work-related homicide for detailed industries and occupations for the nation for 1980 to 1989. Workers in the taxicab industry had the highest rate of work-related homicide (26.9 per 100,000 workers). High rates were also identified for workers providing public and private security, and in a number of retail trade and service industries. For many high-risk industries, the risk was excessive for male workers only. Differences between rates for black and nonblack workers varied across industries and occupations. Immediate efforts to protect workers, and long-term efforts to describe and study work-related homicide thoroughly and to evaluate interventions are needed.

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